2种人工林演变的次生林植物群落特征与土壤理化性质研究

Plant Community Characteristics and Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Secondary Forests Evolved from Two Plantations

次生林对全球森林资源的贡献程度大,具有丰富的类型。全球资源与环境正面临严峻局面,维护好次生林资源不受更多破坏,科学研究、合理利用和有效管理是科学缓解的重要手段。以五指山不同次生林为研究对象,设置典型样地,从不同层次对群落植物进行调查,并分析其群落组成、重要值和植物多样性,分析不同层次土壤理化性质在含量上的差异性,并采用逐步回归分析法,分析植物多样性与土壤理化性质的相关性。研究结果表明:(1)研究区域内主要以乔灌层为主,草本层植物中深绿卷柏占绝对优势;(2)不同次生林群落中物种丰富度指数与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表现为乔木层>灌木层>草本层,Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数表现为灌木层>乔木层>草本层;(3)研究区内土壤呈酸性,土壤有机质、全氮、全钾及碱解氮随土壤层次增加呈逐渐降低趋势,土壤物理化性质各项测定指标在不同土壤层次表现为无显著差异;(4)影响植物多样性指数较大的土壤因子有土壤饱和含水量、土壤毛管孔隙度、土壤容重、全磷及全钾。土壤含水量、土壤养分、土壤质地等多样的变化特点及其复杂的互作关系,协同作用于次生林群落植物多样性的变化。植被的多样性与土壤作用的关系主要表现为正相关效应。通过研究五指山市不同次生林的地上植物群落与土壤理化性质,掌握五指山不同次生林群落多样性的基本情况,阐明不同次生林群落演替的差异性,揭示次生林的变化情况,为森林群落演替的合理利用和保护提供理论依据。

Secondary forests contribute to the global forest resources to a large extent and have a rich variety of types.Global resources and environment are facing a critical situation,and maintaining secondary forest resources from more damage,scientific research,rational use and effective management are important means of scientific mitigation.In this paper,different secondary forests in Wuzhishan were used as research objects,typical sample plots were set up,com-munity plants were investigated from different levels,and the community composition,importance values and plant diversity were analyzed,the differences of soil physicochemical properties at different levels in terms of content were analyzed,and the correlation between plant diversity and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed by stepwise regression analysis.The study area was dominated by tree and shrub layers,and the herbaceous layer was dominated by dark green curly cypress.The species richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index of different secondary forest communities showed that tree layer>shrub layer>herbaceous layer,and the Simpson dominance index and Pielou even-ness index showed that shrub layer>tree layer>herbaceous layer.The soil in the study area was acidic,the organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium and alkaline nitrogen content of soil show a gradual decreased with increasing soil levels.While there was no significant difference in the physical properties of soil in different soil layers.The soil factors affecting the plant diversity index significantly were soil saturation water content,soil capillary void space,soil capacitance,total phosphorus and total potassium.The diverse characteristics of soil water content,soil nutrients,soil texture and their complex interaction had a synergistic effect on the change of plant diversity of secondary forest com-munity.There was a positive correlation between vegetation diversity and soil action.By studying the physical and chemical properties of aboveground plant community and soil of different secondary forests in Wuzhishan City,the ba-sic situation of community diversity of different secondary forests in Wuzhishan was mastered,the difference of com-munity succession of different secondary forests was clarified,and the change of secondary forests was revealed,in order to provide theoretical basis for rational utilization and protection of forest community succession.