地月空间粒子辐射环境及其对月表物质的影响研究进展

Review of particle radiation environment of the Earth-Moon space and its impact on Lunar surficial material generation

由于没有全球磁场和稠密大气保护,月球直接受宇宙线、太阳风和地球风粒子的轰击.了解月球空间粒子辐射的特性、粒子的来源和传输等过程,本身是亟待解决的空间科学基础问题,同时还可帮助更好地提供预报和预警,为保障探月和载人登月等活动的安全提供理论参考;此外,月球空间辐射环境中的粒子与月表作用产生的水等物质对载人登月和月球基地意义重大,且月表物质保存了空间环境较为完整的信息和演化历史,对研究地月系统及太阳系其他天体(乃至系外行星)的宜居性与演化,也具有重要的科学价值.本文在简要总结地月空间粒子辐射环境研究现状的基础上,重点分析了近月粒子辐射环境及其对月表物质所产生的影响,梳理了宇宙线、太阳能量粒子事件、太阳风、地球风以及月源粒子等不同辐射的来源和传输机制,这些粒子与月表作用产生水、赤铁矿、中性原子等物质的过程,以及相关过程对月球空间环境的影响、对地月系统演化的启示等关键科学问题,并提出了解决问题所面临的技术难点,最后对未来可能的重点研究内容进行了展望,可为后续月球探测任务(例如嫦娥四期和国际月球科研站等)相关领域科技规划提供一定的参考.

Without the protection of a global magnetic field and dense atmosphere,the Moon is directly exposed to the radiation of cosmic rays,solar wind,and Earth wind particles.Understanding the characteristics of lunar space radiation,including the source and transport of particles,can help us understand fundamental questions such as space particle acceleration.Additionally,it can also provide theoretical support for better forecasting and early warning to ensure the safety of robotic and human lunar explorations.Meanwhile,the interaction between particles in the lunar space radiation environment and the lunar surface can produce materials such as water,which is of great significance to the manned lunar landing and the establishment of a lunar base.These materials may have preserved information about space environment,providing insights into habitability and evolution history of the planet-moon systems in our solar system.At present,some progresses have been made in understanding the Earth-Moon space particle radiation environment and its impact on lunar surface materials.Based on a summary of the current research and future perspectives,this paper reviews the key scientific questions about the lunar particle radiation environment(cosmic rays,solar energetic particles,solar wind,Earth wind,and lunar space particle and radiation environment)and the interaction processes with lunar surface materials and their products(including water,hematite,energetic neutral atoms,etc.),and identifies some key research priorities in the field for future studies and lunar exploration missions.