摘要
环肽在调控蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用方面具有独特的优势,在新药研发领域受到了越来越多的关注。蛋白质相互作用界面一般较大而平坦,相较于小分子化合物,环肽分子更容易获得与这些靶标位点结合的高亲和力和高特异性。相较于线性多肽或蛋白质,环肽结构一般具有更大的骨架刚性,更难被酶降解,从而在代谢上更稳定,而且环肽更易于通过修饰改造增加跨膜活性,从而结合细胞内的靶标蛋白。结构数据和结构建模方法是开发基于靶标结构计算设计环肽药物的基础。本文分析了蛋白质结构数据库中环肽与靶标蛋白结合情况,介绍了目前环肽构象生成或结构预测的四类主要算法;总结了基于靶标结构计算设计环肽分子的主要方法,包括基于分子对接的虚拟筛选方法、借助于动力学模拟的设计方法、从头生成的设计方法以及具有跨膜活性的环肽设计方法;并展望了数据驱动的机器学习方法在环肽设计领域中的可能应用以及未来环肽药物分子开发的可能方向。
Cyclic peptides(macrocycles)possess head-to-tail cyclic or partially cyclized substructures,which have received more and more attention in developing new drugs recently,since they have unique advantages in regulating protein-protein interactions(PPIs).Comparing to small-molecule compounds,it is easier to design cyclic peptide molecules that bind to target sites with high affinity and specificity,due to the broad and flat interfaces of PPIs and their large surfaces.Moreover,cyclic peptides are generally more rigid and difficult for digestion by proteases than their linear counterparts,making them more stable than linear peptides or proteins.Meanwhile,cyclic peptides are easier for modifications to increase transmembrane activity,targeting intracellular proteins through conformation adaptation or chemical modifications.3D structure data and structure modeling technics are basis for designing structure based cyclic peptide drugs.In this review,we assess the structures of cyclic peptides and target proteins available in protein structure database(PDB).Then,we review the algorithms of conformation generation or structure prediction for cyclic peptides,including homologous modeling,secondary structure prediction and optimization,backbone torsion sampling,and distance geometry method.We also summarize progress in target structure based computational design for cyclic peptides,including structure-based virtual screening,molecular dynamic simulation aided methods,de novo design algorithms,and the transmembrane cyclic peptide design.However,more generalized structure-based de novo design algorithms remains to be further explored,and methods to adopt unnatural amino acids or chemical modifications are also needs to be developed.It's worth noting that,with the increase of data for cyclic peptide 3D structures,the data-driven machine learning method may provide a more promising solution for improving the efficiency and effectiveness of structure based cyclic peptide de novo design and conformation generation to develop cyclic peptide drugs in the future.
作者
王凡灏
来鲁华
张长胜
WANG Fanhao;LAI Luhua;ZHANG Changsheng(Center for Quantitative Biology,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;BNLMS,College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)
出处
《合成生物学》
CSCD
2023年第3期551-570,共20页
Synthetic Biology Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金(21977007)。
关键词
环肽
多肽药物
多肽设计
构象生成
cyclic peptides
peptide drugs
peptide design
conformation generation