新闻聚合平台深度链接技术法律规制研究

Research on Legal Regulation of Deep Linking Technology of News Aggregation Platform

近年我国互联网产业与著作权产业的矛盾冲突在新闻聚合领域表现得尤为突出。未经许可的新闻聚合平台通过深度链接获取新闻报道,并用智能化、个性化方式向用户推送。这种做法削弱了传统媒体原创内容的价值,导致其营收下滑及市场竞争力下降,引发竞争矛盾。因此,如何规范以深度链接为主要技术手段的新闻聚合平台已成为理论界和实务界激辩的焦点。理论研究从经济学的博弈论、管理学的利益分配机制和法学的立法司法改革等多个视角,试图平衡新闻聚合平台与传统媒体之间的著作权利益冲突。然而,目前最紧迫的任务是从法律工具层面为传统媒体提供有效保护,确保其合法权益得到维护。在现有法律规制手段中:首先,在信息网络传播权范畴对新闻聚合行为的规制上,存在法律定性困难和判断标准不统一的问题;此外,从技术本质来看,事实上深度链接行为并非信息网络传播权能够控制的行为状态。其次,将法定许可引入新闻聚合行为规制的建议忽视了制度适应性问题。再者,在倡导使用著作权默示许可制度解决新闻报道授权许可问题时,未对该制度背后的法理和实践基础进行深入研究。最后,欧盟设立新闻出版者邻接权的措施是基于其独特的国内外因素考虑,在我国引入这一权利并不具备法律移植的现实必要性。研究建议:应充分利用著作权法中禁止技术规避措施条款作为主要规制手段,并合理判断新闻聚合平台的深度链接行为是否属于禁止规避“接触控制措施”的行为。同时,通过反不正当竞争法合理补偿传统媒体在新闻报道中付出的经济、组织和技术投入。借此二元路径来实现对新闻聚合行为的有效规制,促进媒体融合发展,推动国家治理体系现代化。

In recent years,the conflicts between the Internet industry and copyright industry in China have become particularly prominent in the field of news aggregation.Unauthorized news aggregation platforms obtain news reports through deep linking and push them to users in an intelligent and personalized way.This practice weakens the value of original content from traditional media,leading to a decline in revenue and market competitiveness,and provokes competitive disputes.Therefore,how to regulate news aggregation platforms with deep linking as the main technical means has become a focal point of debate in both theoretical and practical circles.Theoretical research tries to balance the copyright interests conflict between news aggregation platforms and traditional media from various perspectives such as game theory in economics,interest distribution mechanism in management and legislative and judicial reforms in law.However,the most pressing task at present is to provide effective protection for traditional media from a legal perspective,ensuring that their legitimate rights and interests are safeguarded.Among the existing legal regulatory measures,first,there are difficulties in legal determination and inconsistent judgment criteria in regulating news aggregation behavior within the scope of information network dissemination rights.In addition,from a technical nature,deep-linking behavior is not within the scope of controllable actions by information network dissemination rights.Second,the suggestion of introducing statutory licensing into the regulation of news aggregation behavior neglects the issue of system adaptability.Furthermore,in advocating the use of the copyright implied license system to address the authorization issue of news reporting,the legal principles and practical foundations behind the system have not been thoroughly studied.Finally,the EU's establishment of neighboring rights for news publishers is based on its unique domestic and international factors,and the introduction of this right in China is not a practical necessity for legal transplantation.Research suggests that we should make full use of the prohibition of technological circumvention measures in copyright law as the main regulatory means and reasonably judge whether the deep-linking behavior of news aggregation platforms belongs to the prohibited circumvention of"access control measures."At the same time,we should reasonably compensate traditional media for economic,organizational and technical investments in news reporting by anti-unfair competition law.Through this dual path to achieve effective regulation of news aggregation behavior,we will promote media integration and development,and push forward the modernization of the national governance system.