量子点在量子领域的应用展望

Application Prospects in the Quantum Field of Quantum Dots

量子点是一种新型半导体纳米晶体,作为一种新兴的光电活性材料,可以实现光电转化,具有亮度高、斯托克位移大、吸收光谱宽、摩尔消光系数高、量子产率高、光稳定性好、荧光寿命长等特点。同时,最初量子点概念的提出和成功制备也对量子限域效应的认知提供了一定的帮助。量子点的尺寸在纳米量级范围内,尺寸限域产生了量子限域效应、宏观量子隧道效应、尺寸效应和表面效应,使其具有了独特的性能。随着对量子点的不断深入研究,其在非线形光学、磁介质、催化、医药、功能材料、生命科学和信息技术等领域的应用逐渐开拓,其在量子密钥分发、量子计量学和量子信息处理等应用领域的研究工作也逐渐提上日程。

Quantum Dots(QDs) are a new type of semiconductor nanocrystals.As an emerging photoelectric active material,they can realize photoelectric conversion,with some characteristics such as high brightness,large Stoke shift,wide absorption spectrum,high molar extinction coefficient,high quantum yield,good optical stability and long fluorescence lifetime.At the same time,the initial concept of quantum dot and its successful preparation provide some help to the cognition of quantum limited effect.The size of quantum dots is in the range of nanometers,with size confinement produces quantum confinement effect,macroscopic quantum tunnel effect,size effect,and surface effect,which makes them have unique properties.With the continuous in-depth study of quantum dots,their applications in the fields of non-linear optics,magnetic media,catalysis,medicine,functional materials,life sciences and information technology are gradually developed,and their research in the application fields of quantum key distribution,quantum metrology and quantum information processing is also gradually on the agenda.