旅游型传统村落文化景观稳定性研究

On Stability of Cultural Landscape of Tourism-oriented TraditionalVillages

全域旅游背景下,传统村落面临文化资源产业化带来的传统元素衰落、文化定位不准、空间形态破坏等问题。本文从文化传承度、空间保存度、历史延续度、物质维持度四个维度构建了旅游型传统村落文化景观稳定性的评价指标体系,并以湖南省岳阳市张谷英村为案例地开展实证研究,结果表明:(1)当前张谷英村文化景观处于比较稳定状态,四个维度的稳定程度差异较大,其中空间保存度>文化传承度>历史延续度>物质维持度。(2)旅游业给张谷英村发展带来的影响是双向的,一方面有利于精神文化的传承和村落各类空间的保存,另一方面又影响着传统建筑风貌、功能及材质的维持。(3)构建的文化景观稳定性评价模型能较准确地评估文化景观所处的现状与发展趋势,根据各指标的分值可确定造成张谷英村文化景观不稳定的主要因素,并制定精准的调控策略。

Under the background of global tourism,traditional villages are facing problems,such as the decline of traditional elements,inaccurate cultural positioning and spatial destruction caused by the industrialization of cultural resources.This paper constructs an evaluation index system for the cultural landscape stability of tourism-oriented traditional villages from four dimensions:cultural inher⁃itance,spatial preservation,historical continuity and material maintenance.Taking Zhangguying Village in Yueyang City,Hunan Prov⁃ince as a case study,the results show that:①At present,the cultural landscape of Zhangguying Village is in a relatively stable state,and the stability of the four dimensions,spatial preservation degree,cultural inheritance degree,historical continuity degree and materi⁃al maintenance degree,varies greatly,among which one by one,greater than the other.②The impact of tourism on the development for Zhangguying Village is bidirectional.On the one hand,it is conducive to the inheritance of spiritual culture and the preservation of vari⁃ous village spaces.On the other hand,it affects the maintenance of traditional architectural style,functions and materials.③The stabili⁃ty evaluation model of cultural landscape can accurately evaluate the current situation and development trend of cultural landscape.Based on the scores of each index,the main factors causing the instability of the cultural landscape of Zhangguying Village can be de⁃termined,and accurate regulation strategies can be formulated.