伊朗和伊拉克油气对外合作政策发展分析

Analysis on the development of oil and gas foreign cooperation policies between Iran and Iraq

伊朗和伊拉克油气对外合作至今已有30余年,对外合同模式经历了产品分成合同、回购合同、服务合同和新服务合同,合同模式多样、更迭较快,与资源国油气对外合作政策紧密相连。以时间为轴线,从伊朗和伊拉克油气对外合同模式更迭,得出两国油气对外合作政策在一定时期内相互借鉴共同发展,在多个方面都有相同和不同。不论从回购合同到目前执行的服务合同,彰显出两个油气资源大国油气合作政策从苛刻到宽松,也见证了两国依赖石油、积极发展油气对外合作的决心。从伊朗和伊拉克整个油气对外发展史来看,伊朗和伊拉克油气对外合作政策基本上大同小异,主要是目的相同、诉求不同、合同相同和效果不同等特点。针对中国油气企业计划在伊朗和伊拉克开展油气开发合作,给出4点建议:提前筹划、严格执行、严控成本、发挥整体优势,确保企业降低投资风险和提高经营效益。

Iran and Iraq have been cooperating with foreign oil and gas companies for over 30 years now.The foreign contract modes have gone through product sharing agreement(PSA),repurchase contracts,service contracts,and new service contracts.The contract models are diverse and rapidly changing,closely tied with the government Foreign Policies(FPs)for the oil and gas from resource countries as well as close ties with.Taking time as the axis,based on the changes in oil and gas foreign contract modes between Iran and Iraq,it can be concluded that the oil and gas foreign cooperation policies of the two countries have been mutually referenced and developed over a certain period of time,with similarities and differences in multiple aspects.From the original repurchase contract to the currently executed service contract,it highlights the strict to loose policies for oil and gas cooperation between the two oil and gas resource countries,and also witnesses the determination of the two countries to rely on oil and actively develop oil and gas foreign cooperation.From the perspective of the entire history of oil and gas foreign development in Iran and Iraq,their oil and gas foreign cooperation policies are basically similar,mainly characterized by the same goals,different demands,identical contracts,and different effects.Four suggestions are given for Chinese oil and gas companies planning to carry out oil and gas development cooperation in Iran and Iraq:early planning,strict implementation,strict cost control,and leveraging overall advantages to ensure that the company reduces investment risks and improves operational efficiency.