赫尔巴特教学论精神及其对课程思政建设的启示

Spirit of Herbart’s Educational Idea and its Enlightenment to Construction of Curriculum Ideology and Politics

赫尔巴特的教学论精神就是强调学生多方面的主动发展,强调学生的精神建设,丰富学生的精神世界,重视构建良好师生关系、重视学生的扩大交往和确立同情。大学专业课教师对“课程思政”的“误解”与赫尔巴特学派对“教育性教学”的“狭义的解读”有相似之处。赫尔巴特教学论的基本精神对“教育性教学”“思想范围”“观念群”的解释,对“课程思政”建设有启示意义,有助于专业教师理解“课程思政”的“唤醒心灵”“充实心灵”的内涵,有助于克服专业课教师对“课程思政”的窄化理解,有助于专业课教师对专业课程中“思政元素”“心灵能力”要素的挖掘,从而有助于专业教师对专业课程“思政”资源的二次开发。大学专业课教学应按照赫尔巴特教学论精神进行转型,构建新型教学文化,强化“心灵能力”培育,强化“课程思政”建设,关注大学生的精神丰富性、精神主动性和精神生长性建设。

The spirit of Herbart’s teaching theory emphasizes the active development of students in various aspects,em-phasizes the spiritual construction of students,enriches their spiritual world,attaches importance to building good teacher-student relationships,stresses on expanding students’communication and establishing sympathy.The misunderstanding of curriculum ideology and politics by university major teachers has the similarity with the narrow understanding of“educative teaching”by Herbart’s school.The interpretation of principles to“educative teaching”,“scopes of thoughts”and“mass of ideas”in Herbart’s educational idea has the significance to the construction of“curriculum ideology and politics”,aids to understand the connotations of“curriculum ideology and politics”,“awakening souls”and“enriching souls”for major teachers,assists to remove the drawbacks of the narrow understanding of“curriculum ideology and politics”for major teach-ers,helps expand“factors of curriculum ideology and politics”and“psychic ability”for major teachers,and further benefits the major teachers to reexplore resources of“curriculum ideology and politics”.The teaching of professional courses in uni-versities should be transformed in accordance with the spirit of Herbart’s educational idea,construct a new teaching culture,strengthen the cultivation of“psychic ability”,strengthen the construction of“curriculum ideology and politics”,and pay at-tention to the spiritual richness,initiative,and growth of university students.