基于多区模型的住宅公共烟道倒烟现象研究

Research on oil fume reflux phenomenon in residential central exhaust shaft based on multi-zone model

为研究住宅厨房公共烟道倒烟现象的产生原因,本文采用Modelica语言建立了公共烟道动态仿真多区模型,以现场测量值进行了验证,仿真得到了不同工况下多层、小高层、高层住宅厨房公共烟道内静压分布情况和各层的排烟效果,定量分析了倒烟现象对室内空气品质的影响。结果表明,当前油烟机防倒烟止回阀装置的密封性有局限,高层建筑在油烟机开机率较大时难以达到预期效果,需在止回阀性能、导向负压式排烟管道设计及油烟机排风自动增压技术上进一步改善。

In order to study the causes of oil fume reflux phenomenon in central exhaust shaft of residential kitchens,this paper establishes a multi-zone model of central exhaust shaft using the Modelica language,and then uses field measurement values as verification to simulate the static pressure distribution of central exhaust shaft in low-rise,mid-rise and high-rise buildings under different opening rates,which can quantitatively analyse the impact of the oil fume reflux and odor migration on indoor air quality.The results show that the tightness of the current range hood anti-inverted smoke check valve device is limited,and it is difficult for high-rise buildings to achieve the expected effect when the range hood opening rate is large.Further improvement needs to be made in the performance of backdraft dampers,the design of guided negative pressure central exhaust shaft and the automatic pressurization technology of range hood exhaust.