论悲剧性的悖论性特征

On the Paradoxical Characteristics of Being Tragic

宇宙、社会、人生、人性和生命等内在自相矛盾的悖论性存在决定了悲剧性体验的悖论性存在,其表现形态是矛盾体,文学艺术中表现在人物性格、心理、环境、氛围、情节、结构、主旨、手段与目的、动机与效果、时代文学主题等方面。悲剧性的悖论性特征的哲学基础是对话哲学而非斗争哲学,展现了各因素存在的合理性,推动了作品内容的发展,显现了世界和人性的真实、复杂和深邃。悲剧性的悖论性特征的心理活动机制是二难心理,是人兼得而不遂却仍追求完美的复杂心理。悲剧性的悖论性特征启发我们,文学艺术要表现高度的真实,要有震撼人心的情感力量、发人深省的思想力量和摄人魂魄的艺术魅力,就要强调悖论性内在各方的绝对性、鲜明性、坚定性和各要素之间的对话性。

The paradoxical existence of internal contradictions in the universe,society,life,human nature,and life itself determines the paradoxical existence of tragic experiences,manifested in the form of contradictory subjects.In literature and art,this is reflected in aspects such as character,psychology,environment,atmosphere,plot,structure,theme,means and purpose,motivation and effect,and literary themes of the era.The philosophical basis of the paradoxical characteristics of being tragic is a philosophy of dialogue rather than struggle,which demonstrates the rationality of each factor’s existence,promotes the development of the content of the work,reveals the truth,complexity,and profundity of the world and humanity,and marks the cultural maturity of an individual or a nation.The psychological mechanism of the paradoxical characteristics of being tragic is a mentality dilemma,and it is a complex mentality in which people seek perfection while simultaneously possessing two sides without actually achieving both.The paradoxical characteristics of being tragic inspire us to emphasize the absoluteness,distinctiveness,and firmness of the internal contradictions and the dialogue between them in order to express a highly authentic,emotionally powerful,thought-provoking,and artistically charming literary and artistic work.