新冠肺炎疫情时期广西沿海地区医务人员心理状况调查

Investigation on the psychological status of medical staffs in coastal areas of Guangxi during the COVID-19

目的了解新冠肺炎疫情期间广西沿海地区医务人员的心理状况并探讨其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样法,使用创伤后应激障碍检查量表(PCL-C)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)和社会支持评定量表(SSRS),以电话回访方式对广西沿海疫情地区医务人员的心理健康状况及具体的问题因素进行调查。结果新冠肺炎疫情期间医务人员创伤后应激障碍评分为(23.96±2.35)分,焦虑评分为(40.35±4.18)分,抑郁评分为(43.81±4.32)分,创伤后应激障碍、焦虑、抑郁检出率分别为15.65%、18.59%、13.83%;社会支持程度与创伤后应激障碍、焦虑评分呈显著负相关(P<0.01),与积极应对程度呈显著正相关(P<0.001)。创伤后应激障碍评分与焦虑评分、抑郁评分呈显著正相关(P<0.001),与消极应对程度呈正相关(P<0.05),与积极应对程度呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。焦虑评分与抑郁评分、消极应对程度呈显著正相关(P<0.001),与积极应对程度呈负相关(P<0.05)。抑郁评分与消极应对程度呈正相关(P<0.05),与积极应对程度呈显著负相关(P<0.001)。积极应对与消极应对呈显著负相关(P<0.01);已婚医务人员虽然有更多的社会支持,但却更容易出现创伤后应激障碍以及焦虑心境(P<0.001)。其他医护人员有更多的社会支持资源,护理人员更有可能发生创伤后应激障碍,也更加容易引发焦虑症状和抑郁症状,医生更倾向采取积极应对措施(P<0.001)。电话回访表明,新冠肺炎疫情期间引起医院医务人员心理问题的因素共9个,各影响因素发生的频率分别为:防控工作时间严重超时为18.06%,工作传染性强为16.67%,作息严重不规律为14.88%,工作强度及压力加大为13.49%,工资待遇下降为10.52%,工资发放不及时为9.33%,家庭矛盾突出为6.15%,对病毒的恐惧为5.75%,疫情时间太长为5.16%。结论新冠肺炎疫情期间广西沿海地区医务人员的心理健康水平明显低于普通人群,社会支持网络、应对方式是影响医务人员心理健康的两大方面因素,建议重视新冠肺炎疫情期间医务人员的心理健康,并及时给予人文关怀和心理干预。

Objective To understand the psychological status of medical staffs in coastal areas of Guangxi during COVID-19 epidemic,and to explore its influencing factors.Methods Convenient sampling was used,the mental health status and specific problem factors of medical staffs in the coastal areas of Guangxi were investigated by telephone return visit using the post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)checklist-civilian form(PCL-C),self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS),simple coping style questionnaire(SCSQ)and social support rating scale(SSRS).Results During COVID-19 epidemic,the PTSD score of medical staffs was(23.96±2.35)points,anxiety score was(40.35±4.18)points,and depression score was(43.81±4.32)points,and the detection rates of PTSD,anxiety,and depression were 15.65%,18.59%,and 13.83%,respectively.The degree of social support was significantly negatively correlated with PTSD score and anxiety score(P<0.01),and significantly positively correlated with the degree of positive coping(P<0.001).PTSD score was significantly positively correlated with anxiety score and depression score(P<0.001),positively correlated with the degree of negative coping(P<0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with the degree of positive coping(P<0.01).Anxiety score was significantly positively correlated with depression score and the degree of negative coping(P<0.001),and negatively correlated with the degree of positive coping(P<0.05).Depression score was positively correlated with the degree of negative coping(P<0.05),and significantly negatively correlated with the degree of positive coping(P<0.001).Positive coping was significantly negatively correlated with negative coping(P<0.01);although married medical staffs had more social supports,they were more likely to have PTSD and anxiety(P<0.001).Other medical staffs had more social support resources,and nursing staffs were more likely to have PTSD,they were also more likely to experience anxiety and depression symptoms.Doctors were more likely to take positive measures(P<0.001).Telephone return visit showed that 9 factors caused psychological problems of medical staffs in hospitals during COVID-19 epidemic,and the frequency of each factor was as follows:serious overtime of prevention and control working hours was 18.06%,strong infectiousness in work was 16.67%,serious regularity in work and rest was 14.88%,increase in work intensity and pressure was 13.49%,decrease in salary and benefits was 10.52%,delayed wage payment was 9.33%,prominent family contradictions was 6.15%,the fear of the virus was 5.75%,and long duration of the epidemic was 5.16%.Conclusion The mental health levels of medical staffs in coastal areas of Guangxi are significantly lower than those of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic.Social support network and coping style are two major factors affecting the mental health of medical staffs.It is suggested that attention should be paid to the mental health of medical staffs during the COVID-19 epidemic,and timely humanistic care and psychological intervention should be also given to them.