预防性戊型肝炎疫苗

Prophylactic vaccines for hepatitis type E

近年来,戊型肝炎逐渐被认为是被低估的全球疾病负担。感染导致相关损伤或死亡较严重的人群包括孕妇、有基础肝病的患者和老年人。疫苗是预防戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)感染的最有效手段。由于缺乏高效的HEV细胞培养系统使得开发灭活或减毒疫苗不可行,因此研究者们对重组疫苗进行深入研究。HEV中和位点几乎完全位于病毒粒子的开放式阅读框2所编码的衣壳蛋白(pORF2)中。基于pORF2的许多候选疫苗显示出保护灵长类动物的潜力,其中两种在成人中耐受性良好,对预防戊型肝炎高度有效。全球首个戊型肝炎疫苗239(HEV Hecolin^(■)疫苗)于2012年在中国获批上市。

Over the past few years,hepatitis type E has been increasingly recognized as an underestimated global disease burden.Populations with severe infection-related injuries or deaths include pregnant women,patients with underlying liver disease,and the elderly.Vaccines are the most effective means to prevent hepatitis type E virus(HEV)infection.However,the development of inactivated or attenuated vaccines is not feasible due to the lack of an efficient HEV cell culture system,so researchers have conducted in-depth research on recombinant vaccines.The capsid protein(pORF2),which the virion’s open reading frame 2 encodes,contains almost exclusively the HEV neutralization site.Several candidate vaccines based on pORF2 have demonstrated potential for primate protection,with two being well tolerated and highly effective in preventing hepatitis type E in adults.Hecolin^(■)(HEV 239 vaccine),the world's first hepatitis type E vaccine,was approved for marketing in China in 2012.