要素流动、政策效应与地区差距——地区“两难”困境的理论解释

Factor Flows,Police Effects and Regional Gap——Theoretical Explanation of Regional Dilemma

我国区域协调发展面临着欠发达地区“引资难”与发达地区“提效难”的两难困境。基于新经济地理模型构建了一个包括资本与劳动力在内的空间要素流动模型,对要素流动机制与相关政策传导机制进行了理论分析和数值模拟。理论分析发现,企业集聚不仅受到市场规模与贸易水平的影响,还受到劳动力与政策变量的影响,且它们的关系遵循着循环积累因果机制。此外,财政干预政策与户籍政策会通过调节企业与劳动力而对空间格局产生影响。数值模拟验证了这一机制,且进一步显示,在经济体低技术企业占多数的情况下,低技术企业通常是先动者;随着贸易水平的提高、劳动力占比与偏好下降,会相继出现低技术企业集聚、高低技术企业混合集聚、高技术企业集聚等不同集聚效率的空间格局。

Regional coordinated development faces the double difficulties of"difficulty in introducing capital"in underdeveloped area and"difficulty in improving efficiency"in developed area.Based on the new economic geography model,this paper constructs a spatial factor flow model including capital and labor,and makes theoretical analysis and numerical simulation on the factor flow mechanism and related policy transmission mechanism.Through theoretical analysis,we can see that enterprise agglomeration is not only affected by market size and trade level,but also affected by labor force and policy variables,and their relationship follows a circular accumulation causal mechanism.In addition,fiscal intervention policies and household registration policies will affect the change of regional(spatial)pattern by impacting enterprises and labor force.Numerical simulation further verifies this mechanism,and shows that low-tech firms are usually the first movers when the economy is mainly composed of low-tech firms;With the increase of trade level and the decrease of labor force ratio and preference,there will be a spatial pattern with different agglomeration efficiency,such as low technology enterprise agglomeration,high and low technology enterprise mixed agglomeration and high technology enterprise agglomeration.