高铁网络、区位优势与城市经济韧性

High Speed Rail Network,Regional Advantages and Urban Economic Resilience

随着全球和中国经济进入“伴险增长”通道后,探索增强城市经济韧性的关键路径显得更具价值。本文聚焦中国最大规模的交通基础设施——高速铁路,探讨其对沿线城市经济韧性的影响。研究发现,随着高铁网络的建设,城市可达性和连通性不断改善,促进经济韧性有所提升。异质性分析表明,中部地区城市的经济韧性受到高铁可达性和连通性改善的影响最大,其次是东部地区城市;高铁网络建设使得中心城市的“相对区位”进一步优化,经济韧性提升更多,而外围城市则可以通过“借用”效应顺势获得韧性提升,因此表现出空间上的距离衰减规律;相较于一般城市,位于城市群内的城市在可达性和连通性改善后,经济韧性提升的幅度更大;从行业层面来看,高铁网络建设所带来的区域优势提升,对城市服务业经济韧性的促进作用更明显。进一步的机制检验则表明,高铁网络所引致的可达性和连通性改善,主要通过集聚经济效应、产业协作和分工、创新溢出和合作等影响城市经济韧性。

With the global and Chinese economies entering into the"growth with risks"channel,the construction of resilient cities has been formally proposed at the central strategic level.It is more valuable to explore the key path to enhance urban economic resilience.This paper focuses on the construction of high-speed railway network and discusses how it affects economic resilience.The study found that,with the construction of high-speed rail network,urban accessibility and connectivity are constantly improved,thereby promoting economic resilience.The heterogeneity analysis shows that the economic resilience of cities in the central region is most affected by the improvement of high-speed rail accessibility and connectivity,followed by cities in the eastern region;The construction of high-speed rail network further optimizes the"relative location"of the central city and improves the economic resilience more,while the surrounding cities can obtain resilience improvement through the"borrowing"effect,which shows the spatial distance attenuation law;Compared with general cities,the economic resilience of cities located in urban agglomerations will be enhanced more after the accessibility and connectivity are improved;From the industry level,the regional advantages brought about by the construction of high-speed rail network have played a more significant role in promoting the economic resilience of the urban service industry.The further mechanism test of the article shows that the improvement of accessibility and connectivity caused by highspeed rail network mainly affects the urban economic resilience through agglomeration economic effect,industrial cooperation and division of labor,innovation spillover and cooperation.