走向共同富裕:数字化转型对企业劳动收入份额的影响

Marching towards Common Prosperity:Effects of Digital Transformation on Enterprise Labor Income Share

为廓清数字化转型能否优化企业内部收入分配格局、夯实共同富裕经济根基,本文选取2007—2020年A股上市公司为样本,研究了数字化转型对企业劳动收入份额的影响。研究结果表明,数字化转型显著提升了企业劳动收入份额,在企业内实现了“分好蛋糕”的功能。其作用机制在于,随着数字化转型程度提高,企业融资约束缓解、创新激励增加,两者共同促进企业劳动收入份额提升。基于企业特征的异质性研究显示,数字化转型对信息透明度较低和非国有企业的劳动收入份额提升作用更加显著。进一步地,企业数字化转型显著提高了普通雇员劳动收入份额,但对高管劳动收入份额并未产生了显著影响,缩小了管理层与普通员工之间的收入差距。本文建议,构建数字中国与共同富裕双向互动的发展格局。

To outline whether digital transformation can optimize the pattern of income distribution within enterprises and consolidate the economic foundation of common prosperity,taking 2007-2020 A-share listed companies as samples,we explore the relationship between digital transformation and labor income share.The result shows that digital transformation significantly increases the share of labor income of enterprises and realizes the function of"dividing the cake"within enterprises.The mechanism test shows that with the improvement of the degree of digital transformation,enterprises'financing constraints are eased and innovation incentives are increased,which jointly promote the increase of enterprises'labor income share.Heterogeneity research based on enterprise characteristics shows that digital transformation has a more significant effect on the improvement of labor income share of non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises with lower information transparency.Furthermore,the impact of digital transformation on the labor income share of enterprises is asymmetrical,that is,the digital transformation of enterprises significantly increases the labor income share of ordinary employees,but has no significant impact on the labor income share of senior executives,narowing the income gap between management and ordinary employees.The conclusion of this paper provides policy enlightenment for promoting common prosperity under the background of digital economy.