从位置敏感性看否定评价构式“X了”构式义的浮现——对话构式语法视角

Positional sensitivity and the emergence of the negative evaluation meaning of the construction X-le from the perspective of dialogic construction grammar

汉语中“X了”构式由于互动会话位置的敏感性,浮现出了负面评价构式义。位于话轮首的“X了_(2)”产生了否定性主观评价和驳斥提醒互动功能,而位于话轮尾的“X了_(3)”产生了“勉强认同”的主观意志态度,都根源于构式的位置敏感性。而构式的位置敏感性、构式表义的分化、构件选择性条件限制,受会话合作原则和礼貌原则的驱动,体现了互动语言学与会话分析的理论相通性。同时,导源于位置敏感性的对话构式,负面评价表达的话语形式并不仅限于“X了”,位置敏感性具有语言类型学特征,具有强大的理论普适性和衍推能力。

Due to the positional sensitivity of interactive conversation,the negative evaluation meaning of the X-le construction in Mandarin emerges.The X-le2at the turn beginning produces negative subjective evaluation and the interaction function of reminding refutation,while the X-le3at the turn end produces the subjective will attitude of“reluctant conceding”,both of which are rooted in the positional sensitivity of the construction.The positional sensitivity,semantic differentiation and component selectivity of the construction are driven by the Cooperative Principle and Politeness Principle in Conversation,which reflects the theoretical coherence between Interactional Linguistics and Conversation Analysis(CA).At the same time,the dialogic construction of negative evaluation derived from positional sensitivity is not limited to X-le.Positional sensitivity has the characteristics of linguistic typology and a strong capability for theoretical derivation.