人力资本视域下退役运动员就业质量的差异性分析

Research on Improving the Employment Quality of Retired Athletes from the Perspective of Human Capital

基于403名退役运动员的微观调查数据,采用单因素方差分析,构建了我国退役运动员就业质量评价指标体系,分析了人力资本视域下退役运动员就业质量的差异性。研究表明,退役运动员的就业质量可从劳动报酬、工作强度、劳动关系、社会保障和职业发展5个维度进行评价;不同人力资本要素下退役运动员就业质量存在差异性,并在就业质量各维度结构上存在异质性。具体来说,不同健康资本、教育资本退役运动员的就业质量在劳动报酬、劳动关系、社会保障、工作强度和职业发展均存在显著差异性,从事不同运动项目、参加不同职业技术培训的退役运动员的就业质量在劳动报酬、劳动关系、社会保障和职业发展存在显著差异,而不同训练年限的退役运动员的就业质量在劳动报酬、劳动关系和社会保障上有显著差异。

Based on the microscopic survey data of 403 retired athletes, a single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to construct the evaluation index system of employment quality of retired athletes in China, and the difference of employment quality of retired athletes from the perspective of human capital was analyzed. The results show that the employment quality of retired athletes can be evaluated from five dimensions: labor remuneration, work intensity, labor relations, social security and career development. The employment quality of retired athletes is different under different human capital factors, and there is heterogeneity in the structure of each dimension of employment quality. Specifically, different health capital, education, employment quality of retired athletes in the labor remuneration, labor relations, social security, work and career development are significant differences in intensity, engaged in different sports, to participate in vocational and technical training of employment quality of retired athletes in the labor remuneration, labor relations, social security and career development, However, the employment quality of retired athletes with different training years has significant differences in labor remuneration, labor relations and social security.