Analysis of Cognitive Radio for LTE and 5G Waveforms

Spectrum sensing is one of the major concerns in reaching an efficientQuality of service (QOS) in the advanced mobile communication system. Theadvanced engineering sciences such as 5G, device 2 device communications(D2D), Internet of things (IoT), MIMO require a large spectrum for better service.Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is not a choice in advancedradio due to the Cyclic Prefix (CP), wastage of the spectrum, and so on. Hence, itis important to explore the spectral efficient advanced waveform techniques andcombine a cognitive radio (CR) with the 5G waveform to sense the idle spectrum,which overcomes the spectrum issue. The demand for spectrum is ever increasing;however, spectrum is limited and is an acutely scarce resource. To alleviate theissue, techniques like Cognitive Radios (CR) have been devised. However, suchtechniques are non-standardized, and many variations of CR algorithms have beentried and tested. This paper details the several spectrum sensing methods tailoredfor CR. We explain the benefits, uniqueness, and drawbacks of the various techniques to provide a comprehensive review of the scene, including all recent andnovel techniques of CR. Finally, we provided experimental results for the performance of the CR for key 5G and beyond modulation techniques to elaborate thedependency of the CR techniques for CR applications and provide a competitivereview of their performance. Experiments show that the CR integrated withNOMA shows better performance as compared with existing techniques.