蚕豆亚有限生长型新种质的发现与鉴定

Discovery and Identification of New Germplasm in Vicia faba with Semi-determinate Growth Habit

蚕豆是重要的生物固氮和植物蛋白源作物,在改良土壤培肥地力、改善温带农业区持续蛋白生产方面尤为重要。然而,蚕豆品种的无限生长习性是导致机械化程度低的主因之一,极大地制约了蚕豆的规模化种植。为了探讨亚有限型在蚕豆育种中的应用及其对合理株型矮化育种研究的推动作用,通过查阅相关文献和多年的选择鉴定,对亚有限生长型新种质的发现过程和主要特征进行了总结归纳。对3个具有不同生长习性的种质与青蚕17号×RF25 F2分离群体主要农艺性状的表现差异进行了分析。结果表明,在F2群体中,亚有限型在开花层数、株高、结荚层数上与有限、无限型均存在显著差异,无限型与亚有限型的单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量差异不显著,二者均显著高于有限型。说明亚有限生长习性蚕豆在品种改良后,能兼顾产量与机械化收获,在生产中应用优势更明显。

Vicia faba L.is an important biological nitrogen fixation and plant protein source crop.It is critical in improving soil fertility and sustainable protein production in temperate agricultural areas.The indeterminate growth habit of Vicia faba varieties is one of the major reasons for the low level of mechanization,which greatly restricts the large-scale cultivation of Vicia faba.In order to elucidate the application value of semi-determinate type in Vicia faba breeding and to promote research on dwarf breeding of ideotype in Vicia faba,this paper summarized the discovery process and main characteristics of the new germplasm with semi-determinate growth habit.Three Germplasms with different growth habits and a Qingcan 17×RF 25 F2 segregating population were used to analyze the main agronomic traits.Significant differences in the number of flowering layers,plant height,and number of podding layers between three growth habits were detected,while no significant differences in the number of pods per plant,seed number per plant,and yield per plant between the indeterminate growth habit and the semi-determinate growth habit in F2 population were found,and they were significantly higher than those of the determinate growth type.Therefore,semi-determinate growth habit of Vicia faba can benefit both yield and mechanized harvesting,its promotion and application values in production are obvious.