早产儿非心脏手术的麻醉管理

Anesthetic management for non-cardiac surgery in preterm infants

随着早产儿存活率增长,早产儿相关疾病发病率显著增加,其中多数疾病需外科手术治疗。由于早产儿生理功能尚未发育成熟,手术及麻醉风险均较高,早产儿非心脏手术(NCSP)围术期死亡率及并发症发生率亦均较高,因此早产儿的麻醉管理,对降低其术后相关并发症发生率,促进术后快速康复,降低其围术期死亡率等,发挥着至关重要的作用。笔者拟就NCSP围术期麻醉管理中关于麻醉方式选择,全身麻醉诱导与维持,以及围术期体温、血压、血糖管理的最新研究进展进行阐述,旨在为改善NCSP围术期麻醉管理提供参考。

With the growing birth rate of preterm infants,there is a significant increase in incidence of diseases in preterm infants,most of which require surgical treatment.However,preterm infants experience high risks of surgery and anesthesia due to the immaturity of their organ systems and concurrent disease states.The perioperative mortality and morbidity of non-cardiac surgery in preterm infants(NCSP)reported in the literature are relatively high.Therefore,anesthetic management of NCSP plays a vital role in reducing postoperative complications and perioperative mortality,promoting rapid postoperative recovery.This paper intends to elaborate on the selection of anesthesia methods,general anesthesia induction and maintenance during anesthetic management of NCSP,as well as the latest research progress in perioperative temperature,blood pressure,and blood glucose management.Thus,this review can provide references for improving anesthetic management of NCSP.