外泌体非编码RNA在三阴性乳腺癌中的研究进展

The progress of exosomal non-coding RNA in triple-negative breast cancer

乳腺癌(breast cancer, BC)是世界范围内最常见的恶性肿瘤,也是导致女性肿瘤相关死亡的主要原因;三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC)是一种侵袭性的BC类型,当前治疗手段、疗效有限。外泌体是具有特定生物标志物的细胞外囊泡,其中的非编码RNA是促进乳腺癌进展及影响化疗敏感性的主要成分。外泌体非编码RNA可以通过相关基因激活、促进血管生成及生长、上皮-间质细胞转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)、免疫逃逸、侵袭转移、定植及自噬作用等方式,促进三阴性乳腺癌进展;并通过药物外排/失活、促进癌细胞增殖及存活、DNA损伤修复、EMT和干细胞样特性等作用促进对化疗药物的抵抗。外泌体非编码RNA由于其自身独特的性质,在TNBC监测、治疗等方面也有着重要的意义。为此,本文就外泌体非编码RNA在TNBC进展、耐药及诊疗中的作用进行综述。

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignant tumor worldwide and the leading cause of tumor-related death for women;triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is an aggressive type of BC,the current treatment methods and curative effects are limited.Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with specific biomarkers,in which non-coding RNA is the main component that promotes the progress of breast cancer and affects the sensitivity of chemotherapy.This article summarized that exosome non-coding RNA can promote the progress of triple negative breast cancer by activating related genes,promoting angiogenesis and growth,EMT(epithelial-mesenchymal transition),immune escape,invasion and metastasis,colonization and autophagy,and it also promotes the resistance of chemotherapy drugs through drug efflux/inactivation,promotion of cancer cell proliferation and survival,DNA damage repair,EMT and stem-like property.Due toits unique properties,exosomal non-coding RNA also has great significance for triple-negative breast cancer in monitoring and treatment.In the future,exosomes can provide safer,more efficient and more comprehensive treatment for triple-negative breast cancer.