赵献可学术思想探析

An analysis of TCM master ZHAO Xianke’s academic thought

赵献可,中国明朝末期著名温补派医学家,著有《医贯》一书。赵献可强调命门在人体生命活动过程中的重要作用,指出在人的发育过程中,先有命门,而后生成五脏六腑,命门为十二脏腑之根,为生命之源。他发展了朱震亨的相火理论,提出肾阳虚亦可导致相火;他继承了李杲(号东垣)脾胃学说,提出了脾肾双补的思想;他重视先天命门,创新了关于命门位置、功能、临床意义,为其温补学说提供了理论依据;他学术上兼收并蓄,临证上善于辨证论治,给后世留下了宝贵的临床经验,笔者认为应结合其所处的时代全面分析其学术思想,他在吸收前人学术思想的前提下又有所发展。文章总结了赵献可的学术理论,愿抛砖引玉,以求继承与推广明朝医学家的思想。

ZHAO Xianke,a famous physician of Warm-recuperation School in the late Ming dynasty,and the author of Yi Guan(《医贯》).ZHAO Xianke emphasized the important role of life-gate in the process of human life activities.He pointed out that in the development of human beings,life gate first came into human being,and then the five Zang organs and six Fu organs(五脏六腑)were formed.Life-gate is the root of all the internal organs and the source of life.He developed TCM master ZHU Zhenheng’s theory of Xianghuo(相火),and proposed that Yang(阳)deficiency of kidney can also lead to Xianghuo.He inherited TCM master LI Gao’s theory of spleen and stomach,and put forward the idea of replenishing both spleen and kidney.He attached importance to congenital life-gate,innovated the position,function and clinical significance of life-gate,which provided a theoretical basis for his theory of warmrecuperation.He was academically knowledgeable and good at syndrome differentiation and treatment,leaving precious clinical experience for later generations.In this paper,ZHAO Xianke’s academic theory is summarized in order to inherit and develop the thought of Ming dynasty physicians.