延安市1999—2021年艾滋病流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of AIDS in Yan'an City from 1999 to 2021

目的分析延安市1999—2021年艾滋病疫情流行特征,为延安市艾滋病疫情防控精准施策及卫生资源的优化配置提供科学的理论依据。方法对延安市1999—2021年人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染者/艾滋病(acquiredimmune deficiency syndrome,AIDS)患者(简称HIV/AIDS)的相关数据采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1999—2021年全市累计报告HIV/AIDS病例740例,其中641例现存活病例,病死率为13.38%。从2013年开始报告病例数快速增加,年发病率由2013年的1.68/10万上升至2018年的4.14/10万。2018—2021年增长幅度减缓。现存641例病例中,男561例,女80例,男女性别比为7.01∶1;多集中于20~59岁年龄段(586例,占91.42%);报告病例数最多的县区为宝塔区(273例,42.59%);职业分布以农民为主占41.18%(264/641)。740例报告病例的主要感染途径为性接触传播,共712例,占96.22%。结论延安市属于艾滋病疫情低流行区,病例分布于一般人群中,感染途径主要为性传播,包括异性性传播及男男同性性传播。延安市应对重点人群加强艾滋病知识的宣教,加大检测力度,对艾滋病高危人群尽早进行干预措施,以降低本地区艾滋病感染人数。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of AIDS in Yan′an City from 1999 to 2021,and to provide scientific theoretical basis for the precise implementation of AIDS epidemic prevention and control and the optimal allocation of health resources in Yan′an.Methods The data of human immunodeficiency virus infected individual/acquiredimmune deficiency syndrome patients(HIV/AIDS)in Yan′an City from 1999 to 2021 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.Results From 1999 to 2021,740 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in the city,of which 641 cases were currently alive,with a case fatality rate of 13.38%.Since 2013,the number of reported cases has increased rapidly,and the annual incidence rate has increased from 1.68/100000 in 2013 to 4.14/100000 in 2018.The growth rate slowed down from 2018 to 2021.There were currently 641 cases,including 561 males and 80 females,with a sex ratio of 7.01∶1;most of them were in the age range of 20 to 59 years(586 cases,91.42%);Baota District has the largest number of reported cases(273 cases,42.59%);the occupation distribution was mainly farmers,accounting for 41.18%(264/641).The main infection route of 740 reported cases was sexual contact transmission,a total of 712 cases,accounting for 96.22%.Conclusion Yan′an City belongs to a low prevalence area of AIDS,and the cases are distributed among the general population.The main route of infection is sexual transmission,including heterosexual transmission and homosexual transmission.Yan′an City should strengthen the propaganda and education of AIDS knowledge among key groups,increase testing efforts,and take early intervention measures against high-risk groups of AIDS to reduce the number of AIDS infected people in the region.