引进春小麦品种萌发期耐盐性鉴定及评价

Identification and evaluation of salt tolerance at germination stage of introduced spring wheat varieties

【目的】挖掘国外引进春小麦品种中的优异种质资源,筛选出耐盐性较强的品种,为小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定指标的筛选及耐盐性品种的选育提供参考。【方法】采用200 mmol/L NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫环境,鉴定评价77份国外引进春小麦种质资源并进行室内萌发期耐盐性,测定最长根长、苗高、根数、胚芽鞘、根鲜重、苗鲜重、根干重、苗干重等10个性状指标,应用隶属函数、聚类分析、因子分析等方法综合评价小麦萌发期耐盐性。【结果】在盐胁迫下,10个性状在77份春小麦种质资源之间差异显著。盐胁迫下各指标测量值与对照相比较均明显下降,且各指标之间呈现极显著或显著正相关关系。不同小麦品种间的耐盐性表现出较大的差异,D值的变幅为0.08~0.77。77份材料按耐盐性强弱可分为4类,澄利马拉等17份小麦品种为耐盐型,濑户小麦等36份小麦品种为中度耐盐型,Kenya 178 Q8等16份小麦品种为盐敏感型,Sea Wari 48等8份小麦品种为盐高度敏感型。幼苗鲜重、根数在生物量因子和根部性状因子中的载荷量分别为0.87、0.62。【结论】幼苗鲜重以及根数可作为小麦萌发期耐盐性鉴定的可靠指标。

【Objective】The purpose of the current study is to explore the excellent germplasm resources of foreign introduced spring wheat varieties and screen out the varieties with strong salt tolerance in the of providing a preliminary foundation for the screening of salt tolerance identification indexes and breeding of salt tolerance varieties of wheat at germination stage.【Methods】77 spring wheat germplasm resources introduced from abroad were evaluated in laboratory under salt stress treated with 200 mmol/L NaCl solution.Ten traits such as longest root length,seedling height,root number,coleoptile,root fresh weight,seedling fresh weight,root dry weight and seedling dry weight were determined.The membership function,cluster analysis and factor analysis were used to evaluate the salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage.【Results】10 traits were significantly different among 77 spring wheat germplasm resources.Under salt stress,the measured values of each index were significantly decreased compared with the photographic contrast,and the correlation analysis among each index showed positive relationships.It was found that the salt tolerance of different wheat varieties showed great difference by using membership function,and the D value varied from 0.08 to 0.77.77 test materials could be divided into four categories according to salt tolerance.17 wheat varieties including Chenglimara were salt tolerant,36 wheat varieties including Seto were moderate salt tolerant,16 wheat varieties including Kenya 178 Q8 were salt sensitive,and 8 wheat varieties including Sea Wari 48 were salt sensitive.The load of fresh weight and root number on biomass factor and root trait factor were 0.87 and 0.62,respectively.【Conclusion】The study has proven that the seedling fresh weight and root number can be used as reliable indexes to identify salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage.