中国“隐形冠军”企业产业多元化战略的形成路径研究——基于模糊集的定性比较分析

Formation Path of Industrial Diversification Strategy of Chinese“Hidden Champion”Enterprises—A Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Fuzzy Set

与国外隐形冠军企业“专注、聚焦”的发展战略不同,近一半的中国隐形冠军企业选择“多元化”突破发展瓶颈。已有多元化战略影响因素研究大多考虑某单一或多个要素,尚未深入探讨各因素之间的内在逻辑关联。基于21家中国制造业单项冠军示范企业数据,采用fsQCA方法,结合“隐形冠军”及多元化战略研究,探究“供给侧—需求侧—外部环境”前因条件对中国隐形冠军企业产业多元化发展的影响。研究结果表明,中国隐形冠军企业产业内多元化分为需求侧协同型、关系驱动型和技术驱动型3种模式;产业间多元化分为能力驱动型、混合驱动型和环境驱动型3种模式。其中,需求侧驱动为产业内多元化提供内生动力,外部环境是产业间多元化的重要推动力,企业核心能力以不同形式对两类产业多元化起到显著驱动效应。本文基于组态观的整体视角,检验和拓展了中国情境下隐形冠军企业多元化发展路径,对于克服隐形冠军企业“成长的天花板”、推动中国制造业企业转型升级和中小企业融通创新具有重要意义。

Different from specialization and focus strategy by foreign hidden champions,nearly half of hidden champions in China choose diversification as an important strategic measure to break through the development bottleneck.Most of the studies on the factors of diversification strategy consider a single or multiple factors,and the internal logical relationship between the factors has not been deeply discussed.Therefore,based on the data of 21 hidden champion demonstration enterprises in Chinese manufacturing industry,combined with hidden champion and diversification strategy research,it explored the influence of the antecedent conditions of“supply side-demand side-external environment”on the diversification development of hidden champion using fsQCA method.The research results show that Chinese hidden champions have three driving modes for diversification within the industry:demand side synergy,relationship drive and technology driven;inter-industry diversification includes three modes of capability driven,mixed driven and environment driven.Among them,the demand side drive provides endogenous power for the diversification within industry of hidden champion;the external environment plays a more important role in promoting the inter-industries diversification of hidden champion;enterprise core competence plays a significant driving effect on the two types of diversification in different forms.Based on the overall perspective of configuration view,it tests and expands the diversified development path of hidden champion enterprises in China,which is of great significance to overcome the“growth ceiling”of hidden champion enterprises and promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese manufacturing enterprises as well as the financing innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises.