论“杂史”“传记”掺杂之“小说”——以《四库全书总目》为例

A Study on the Miscellaneous History and Biography Mixed With Fiction:Taking Complete Book Collection in Four Sections as an Example

近现代以来,中国古代小说研究因“以今律古”“以西律中”之局限,长期忽略了“杂史”“传记”掺杂之“小说”成分。部分历代公私书目均著录于“杂史”“传记”的作品掺杂有“小说”成分,其存在形态主要为编撰体例、题材性质及旨趣整体上与“小说”比较接近,采录史传以及“小说”“野史”杂糅而成,各部分或多或少均掺杂了一些“小说”。“杂史”“传记”掺杂之“小说”的内容性质主要有述怪语异、搜神记鬼之作,各类历史人物无关政教的“琐细之事”和依托附会、荒诞不经的传说,这也构成了两者之间的畛域分野。“杂史”“传记”掺杂“小说”文本成分反映了相近叙事文类文本混杂的独特存在方式,也应纳入古代小说研究视野。

Since modern times,the study of ancient Chinese fiction has been limited by some well-accepted notions of defining fiction according to western literary theories,which lead to neglect of"fiction"mixed with"miscellaneous history"and""biography"for a long time.Some books are classified into"miscellaneous histories"or"biographies"in previous public and private bibliographies mixed with"fiction"component,in which style,subject and purpose are relatively closed to fiction,and mix the historical biography with fiction and unofficial history.The miscellaneous contents narrate strange and mysterious ghosts,all kinds of trivial matters of historical figures,and absurd legends,which constitute a division between history and fiction,Therefore,the"miscellaneous history"and""biography"mixed with"fiction"reflect the unique confounding in similar narrative texts.It also should be put in the ancient Chinese fiction research.