维柯与赫尔德:一种奥尔巴赫式的关联

Vico and Herder:An Auerbachian Connection

作为《新科学》的德译者,奥尔巴赫(Erich Auerbach, 1892-1957)终身研读维柯并深受其影响。本文所着重关注的是一个与之紧密相关的事实,即在奥尔巴赫绝大部分关于维柯的文章和演讲中,这位意大利思想家的名字,几乎都与另一个德国启蒙思想者的名字--赫尔德--联系在了一起。基于此,论文将讨论以下几个问题。首先,奥尔巴赫如何兀然将这两位来自不同国别,分属不同时代,而且具有截然不同政治、文化身份的人相提并论;其次,在奥尔巴赫的视野中,维柯与赫尔德究竟具有怎样相似的思想外表与迥异的思想内核。再次,以维柯为镜子反观赫尔德乃至德国浪漫派,对奥尔巴赫而言,具有怎样的问题意识和精神关切。论文将试图揭示奥尔巴赫与德国启蒙主义的思想距离,以及他对历史主义和民族精神等现代性问题的深刻反思。

As the German translator of New Science,Erich Auerbach(1892-1957)studied Vico all his life and was deeply influenced by him.This article focuses on another fact closely connected to the previous one,that is,in most of Auerbach's articles and lectures on Vico,the name of this Italian thinker is always related to that of another German Enlightenment thinker——Herder.Based on this,this paper discusses the following issues.First of all,how Auerbach wittingly links these two people who come from different countries,belong to different eras,and have completely different political and cultural identities;Secondly,in Auerbach's view,what fundamentally distinguishes Vico from Herder despite their similar status as critics of Enlightenment.Thirdly,using Vico as a mirror to reflect on Herder and even the German Romantics,what kind of concern Auerbach could have.The thesis will try to reveal the distance between Auerbach and German Enlightenment,as well as his reflection on issues concerning historicism and national spirit.