网络嵌入性对新能源汽车企业技术标准化的影响

Influence of Network Embeddedness on Technology Standardization of New EnergyVehicle Enterprises

构建标准合作网络有利于加速新能源汽车企业的技术标准制定与推广,但对于技术标准化这一动态过程,目前关于标准合作网络与企业技术标准化以及网络嵌入性影响机制的研究均较为缺乏。因此,基于合作网络视角,将企业技术标准化能力划分为静态的技术标准制定能力和动态的技术标准推广能力、网络嵌入性分为关系嵌入和结构嵌入两个维度,以2001—2020年间我国新能源汽车行业参与起草相关标准的145家企业作为研究对象,利用负二项固定效应回归分析法探讨网络嵌入性对企业技术标准化的影响。结果表明:网络中心度与企业技术标准制定能力和推广能力均呈正相关关系,网络密度与技术标准制定能力呈负相关、与推广能力呈正相关关系,过高的网络密度会阻碍技术标准的发展却有利于知识在网络中的传播;关系强度与技术标准制定能力呈倒“U”型关系、与推广能力呈正相关关系,负向调节中心度对技术标准化的影响,且负向调节网络密度与技术标准制定能力的关系,但对网络密度与标准推广能力的正向调节作用不显著。基于研究结论,提出企业应加强产学研政合作,在标准合作网络建设中注意主动择优选择合作伙伴并把握合适的关系强度,按照自身战略目标和所处环境来选择最优网络模式。

Building a standard cooperation network is beneficial for accelerating the formulation and promotion of technical standards for new energy vehicle enterprises.However,there is currently a lack of research on the dynamic process of technology standardization,including the relationship between standard cooperation networks and enterprise technology standardization,as well as the impact mechanism of network embeddedness.Therefore,based on the perspective of cooperative networks,the technology standardization ability of enterprises is divided into static technology standard formulation ability and dynamic technology standard promotion ability,while the network embeddedness is divided into two dimensions of relational embeddedness and structural embeddedness,this paper focuses on 145 enterprises in China's new energy vehicle industry that participated in drafting relevant standards from 2001 to 2020,explores the impact of network embeddedness on enterprise technology standardization by using negative binomial fixed effects regression analysis.The results show that network centrality is positively correlated with the ability of enterprises to formulate and promote technical standards,while network density is negatively correlated with the ability to formulate technical standards and positively correlated with the ability to promote,excessive network density can hinder the development of technical standards,but it is beneficial for the dissemination of knowledge in the network;the strength of the relationship is inversely"U"shaped with the ability to formulate technical standards,and positively correlated with the ability to promote,negatively regulates the impact of centrality on technical standardization,and negatively regulates the relationship between network density and the ability to formulate technical standards,however,the positive regulatory effect on network density and the ability to promote standards is not significant.Based on the research findings,it proposes that enterprises should strengthen cooperation between industry,academia,research,and government,and in the construction of standard cooperation networks,attention should be paid to actively selecting optimal partners and grasping the appropriate strength of relationships,besides,the optimal network model should be selected according to their own strategic goals and the environment they are in.