土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的影响

The Impact of Land Transfer on Rural Household’s Multidimensional Relative Poverty

缓解多维相对贫困是“后2020”年建立稳定脱贫长效机制的关键内容。土地是农户家庭最为重要的生产要素,能否发挥减贫效应需要通过严谨的计量方法和代表性数据予以评估和回应。基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,利用一般线性回归、工具变量、倾向得分匹配、分位数回归和中介效应分析等多种检验方法,考察土地流转对农户多维相对贫困的影响及机制。将土地流转分为土地转出和土地转入2个维度,并构建农户多维相对贫困指标体系,研究发现:土地转出对农户多维相对贫困有显著负向作用,即土地转出能够缓解农户多维相对贫困,但土地转入并不具备减贫效应;分位数回归结果表明,随着农户家庭多维相对贫困程度的提高,土地转出的减贫效应越为明显;影响机制检验结果显示,土地转出可以通过促进非农就业和家庭创业来缓解多维相对贫困。该研究结论不仅为土地流转缓解农户多维相对贫困提供了经验依据,对构建相对贫困长效治理的政策设计也具有政策价值。

Alleviating multi-dimensional relative poverty is the key content of establishing a long-term mechanism for stable poverty alleviation in post-2020.Land is the most important production factor for rural households,and whether it can achieve poverty reduction effect needs to be evaluated and responded to through rigorous measurement methods and representative data.Based on the 2018 China Family Panel Survey data,this paper examines the impact and mechanism of land transfer on the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households by using various methods such as linear regression,instrumental variables,propensity score matching,quantile regression,mediation analysis.Dividing land transfer into two dimensions,land transfer out and land transfer in,and constructing a multidimensional relative poverty indicator system for rural households.It is found that land transfer out has a significant negative effect on the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households,that is,land transfer out can alleviate the multidimensional relative poverty of rural households,but land transfer in has no effect on poverty reduction;Quantile regression results show that,as the multidimensional relative poverty level of rural households increases,the poverty reduction effect of land transfer is more obvious;The results of the impact mechanism show that land transfer out can alleviate multidimensional relative poverty by promoting non-agricultural employment and household entrepreneurship.The research provides empirical support for promoting land transfer and alleviating the poverty of rural households,and has important practical significance for improving the policy design of relative poverty governance.