选择性离子吸附原理与材料制备

Selective Ionic Removal Strategy and Adsorbent Preparation

制备特定无机阴、阳离子的选择性吸附材料有利于保障饮用水安全、控制外排污水生态风险、保障地表水环境质量,具有非常广泛的市场需求和应用前景。选择性离子吸附材料研发始于20世纪60年代,经过60年的高速发展,选择性离子吸附材料领域目前依旧保持了极高的研究热度和研究水平。本文概述了选择性离子吸附材料的研发历史、现状和主要研究方向,重点总结了四种选择性离子吸附原理(即分子印迹技术原理、软硬酸碱理论、非静电作用原理和竞争离子自我抑制原理)和它们的研究历史、选择性离子吸附材料制备与应用情况,展望了未来的研究方向,这些信息的整理归纳将为未来的选择性离子吸附材料研发、水中特定离子浓度控制提供重要的借鉴。

The selective ionic removal from water or wastewater by newly-developed adsorbents has been intensely investigated around the world since 1960s.These selective ionic adsorbents were used to control the concentrations of specific ions in drinking water or wastewater in the presence of plentiful coexisting ions to prepare quality drinking water or avoid ecological hazards in natural waterbodies due to wastewater discharge.Due to remarkable market demands and wide application prospects,this topic still generates numerous amazing findings in terms of international publications in recent decade.Besides the history,the present status and the research bias,this paper lays particular emphasis on the four selective ionic removal strategies involved in previous studies(i.e.,the molecular imprinting technology,the soft and hard acid base theory,the nonelectrostatic interaction theory,and the self-inhibition theory of competitive ions),including their mechanisms,histories,and adsorbent preparations and applications.Finally,this review also prospects the future research directions.This review provides overall information for the further development of selective ionic adsorbents for water or wastewater treatment.