中国历史文化名城保护:演变脉络、规划问题及应对策略

Historic City Conservation in China:Evolution,Planning,and Strategies

文章基于城乡发展历史与遗产保护规划视角,以名城保护规划为研究对象,运用空间文化认知与规划史研究的协同分析方法,梳理了近代以来中国文化遗产保护制度的发展历程,追溯了从最初的古迹、古物到文物保护单位、历史城市、历史城镇村、城乡历史文化的历史文化名城保护演变脉络,认为名城保护制度的建立经历了一个从量变到质变、从单体到整体、从实践探索到创新发展的历史进程,名城保护规划内容呈现出“区域—城市—城区—单体”四个层次的发展态势。在此基础上,结合广域型城市政区、名城空间文化内涵、名城自身营建历史等因素,分析了名城保护规划中对历史城区、空间格局、规划遗产等关键问题的认知;依据名城保护规划的性质以及在历史文化保护中的担当,从区域历史城市群、名城历史文化空间结构、历史城市保护规划理论类型与方法三个方面,提出了今后名城保护规划战略性的应对策略建议,以期为中国式历史城市保护规划理论与实践提供一种思路。

Based on the perspectives of urban and rural development history and heritage conservation planning within the discipline of urban and rural planning,taking conservation planning of historic city as the research object,using the collaborative analysis method of spatial cultural cognition and planning history research,this paper sorts out the development process of China's cultural heritage conservation system in modern times,and traces the evolution of historic city conservation from the original historic sites and relics to cultural relics protection units,historic cities,historic towns and villages,and urban and rural historical and cultural heritage.It finds that the establishment of a historic city conservation system has experienced a historical process from quantitative change to qualitative change,from the individual to the whole,and from practical exploration to innovative development,and that the historic city conservation planning presents a development trend of four levels:“region-city-urban areaindividual”.On this basis,in combination with such factors as a wide-area urban administrative district,the spatial cultural connotation of historic cities and their construction history,this paper examines the perception of key issues in historic city conservation planning,such as historic urban areas,spatial patterns,planning heritage,etc.According to the nature of historic city conservation planning and its role in historical and cultural preservation,this paper puts forward strategic countermeasures for historic city conservation planning in the future in terms of three aspects,which are regional historic city clusters,historical and cultural spatial structure of cities,and theoretical types and methods of historic city conservation planning,attempting to provide a thought for the theory and practice of Chinese historic city conservation planning.