建成环境干预老年人心理健康的路径检验与比较

Test and Comparison of Paths of Built Environment Intervention in Older Adults’Mental Health

如何构建具有良性激励作用的建成环境以提升老年人被忽视的心理健康问题,是积极营造健康城市和老年友好城市的有效思路,而缺少内在干预路径的判定会制约规划策略的提出。文章基于能力理论和社会生态模型等,构建了包含可行能力、自我效能、环境感知的中介变量体系;利用结构方程模型,以社会经济属性和社会环境要素作为控制变量,从点、线、面的物质层面探究建成环境从不同路径对老年人心理健康的影响机制,并排除了模型中样本自选择作用的干扰。通过模型的分析与检验,可以明晰特定建成环境要素对老年人心理的正负向作用及路径,比较出差异性的中介效应强度,为提升老年人心理健康水平的环境干预策略提供实证分析与理论基础,以促进城市的福祉建设和实质公平。

How to create a better urban built environment to improve older adults’mental health that is usually neglected is an effective idea for building a healthy and Age-friendly city.However,the lack of internal intervention path identification limited the proposal of planning strategies.Based on the Social-Ecological Model and Amartya Sen’s Capability Theory,we developed an intermediate variable system comprising capability,self-efficacy,and environmental perception.Using the Structural Equation Model and taking socioeconomic attributes and social environ-mental factors as control variables,we examined the influence mechanism of the built environment on older adults’mental health from different paths and from the material dimensions of point,line,and area.Also,we excluded the interference of respondents who self-selected residences in the model.Through the analysis and testing of the model,it is possible to clarify the positive and negative effects of specific built environment elements on older adults’mental health and the influencing paths in that associations,and to compare the strength of different mediating effects.The research aims to provide an empirical analysis and theoretical basis for environmental intervention strategies to improve older adults’mental health,so as to promote the welfare and substantial fairness of a city.