新千年以来纽约城市水岸综合管理及其实施借鉴研究

Research on the City Waterfront Comprehensive Management and Implementation Reference of New York Since the New Millennium

新千年以来,全球人口剧增、经济可持续发展、气候变化威胁、社会挑战与未知风险等成为当前城市发展的直面难题。文章通过对《愿景2020:纽约市综合滨水计划》(2011)和《沿海适应:应对气候变化的治理和资金框架》(2017)两份重要的纽约滨海水岸综合管理及其规划文本的详细解读,对其城市水岸综合管理背景、实施目标、实施程序、实施行为等方面进行分析和总结。结合我国当下城市滨海水岸综合管理困境和国土空间规划改革背景,提出对应的实施借鉴和参考建议:规划目标注重从综合性向空间类型化和专项行动转变,规划体系上注重统一规划口径下的陆海统筹和区域协调,规划实施上注重项目库引导下的水岸空间行动规划和社区协作整合。

Since the new millennium,the rapid growth of global population,sustainable economic development,climate change and negative consequences,social challenges,and unknown risks have become the direct difficulties that a city has to face squarely for development.Through a detailed interpretation of two important texts on the comprehensive management of and planning for city waterfront in New York:the Vision 2020:New York City Comprehensive Waterfront Plan issued in 2011 and the Coastal Adaptation:A Framework for Governance and Funding to Address Climate Change promulgated in 2017,this paper analyzes and summarizes the background,objectives,procedures,and behaviors of city waterfront comprehensive management.Based on current China’s dilemma in city waterfront comprehensive management and the reform background of territorial and spatial planning,the paper puts forward corresponding implementation references and suggestions:planning objectives should be shifted from comprehensive ones to being targeted to spatial types and specific actions;the planning system should focus on land-sea coordination and regional coordination based on the unified planning standard;the planning implementation should attach importance to waterfront space action planning and community collaboration and integration guided by the project library.