日本老旧公寓小区改造的政策体系、推进措施与经验启示

The Policy System,Promotion Countermeasures and Enlightenment of Japan’s Old Apartment Complex Renovation

日本曾于二战后经济高速增长时期在城市近郊供应超大规模的住宅小区,近年这些住宅小区的建筑和设备逐步老化,迫切需要进行修缮改造或重建再生,但业主们难以达成一致意见。改造费用过高、改造后的维护费用难以保障以及人口老龄化等因素阻碍了老旧小区改造的推进。日本政府自2013年逐步重视并研讨住宅小区再生问题,逐步完善住宅改造再生的立项和实施过程、改造前后的物业维护管理,并构建起小区住宅“管理维护—老化修缮—大规模改造—重建”的全生命周期再生政策体系,同时配套出台推进老旧小区改造的具体措施。中国作为人口大国,城镇人口的主要居住形式为住宅小区,将会面对更大规模的待改造老旧小区。本文基于日本老旧小区改造中的经验启示,为国内推进城镇老旧小区改造提出一系列建议。

During the period of rapid economic growth after World War II,Japan once supplied large-scale condominium complexes in the suburbs of cities.In recent years,the buildings and equipments of these condominium complexes are gradually aging,which urgently needs to be repaired,reconstructed and regenerated.However,the difficulty to reach a consensus among owners,high cost of regeneration,maintenance cost and aging population were the major impediments to apartment regeneration promotion.Since 2013,the Japanese government has gradually begun to pay attention to and discuss the issue of condominium renovation.From the project approval,implementation process and property maintenance management before and after the reform,the Japanese government has gradually improved and constructed a condominium complexes renovation policy system of“management and maintenance-aging repair-large-scale reconstruction-reconstruction”in the whole life cycle of condominium complexes.As a country with the main urban population living in condominium complex,China faces a more large-scale condominium complexes to be transformed as the population ages.Based on the enlightenment of Japan’s condominium complex renovation,this paper puts forward a series of suggestions for promoting the renovation of condominium complexes in domestic cities and towns.