《园冶》与《作庭记》的掇石理水

Arrangements of Stone and Water in Yuan Ye and Treatise on Garden Design

《园冶》和《作庭记》分别是中国和日本最早的造园专著,尽管成书时代、地区不同,但后者体现的深刻汉文化影响,使二者的对比阅读意义重大。通过文本对比,分析二者内在异同,可得《作庭记》体现出早期造园活动中不强调人的进入,而强调微缩自然的庭园特点,以理水为目标、掇石为手段的水石并进的造园思想,及在海洋文化影响下形成的海-岛特征;《园冶》则体现出晚期造园活动中强调人生活其中的园居特点,和山石审美独立完善而水审美退化的地域性造园思想发展。同时,因地制宜的造园理念贯穿了这两部不同背景的造园理论作品,证明场地对东亚造园文化一以贯之的重要性。

Yuan Ye and Treatise on Garden Design are the earliest gardening monographs in China and Japan respectively.Although the times and regions of the books are different,the profound influence of Chinese culture embodied in the latter makes the comparative reading of the two great significance.Through the text comparison and analysis of the internal similarities and differences between the two,it can be seen that the notes of Treatise on Garden Design reflects the garden characteristics of emphasizing miniature nature instead of human entry in the early gardening activities,the idea of water and stone going together with water management as the goal and stone lifting as the means,and the characteristics of sea and island formed under the influence of Japanese marine culture.Yuan Ye reflects the development of regional gardening thought in the late gardening activities,which emphasizes the characteristics of people's life,the independence and perfection of mountain and stone aesthetics and the degradation of water aesthetics.Meanwhile,the concept of gardening adapting to site conditions runs through these two theoretical works of gardening with different backgrounds,proving the consistent importance of site to East Asian gardening culture.