健康老龄化:内涵辨析、测量方式与中国趋势

Healthy aging:Connotation discrimination,measurement methods and trends in China

本研究通过辨析“成功老龄化”“健康老龄化”“积极老龄化”几个易混淆概念,梳理“健康老龄化”概念演变与内涵特点。对比当前各种“健康老龄化”测量工具对“健康老龄化”概念的契合与测量的优劣势,选取了基于项目反应理论的健康老龄化测量方式,应用2011—2018年四期中国健康养老与追踪调查数据,分别选择至少参与1期和4期全部参与的60岁及以上老年人,对健康老龄化变化趋势展开分析。研究发现,至少参与1期的老年人健康老龄化水平在2011—2015年有所上升,2015—2018年下降(“时期效应”);4期全部参与的老年人健康老龄化水平也先升后降,且降幅明显(“年龄效应”);我国老年人健康老龄化水平低于全球平均水平,西部地区明显低于东部地区,农村低于城市。提升我国健康老龄化水平,缓解区域间、城乡间的健康老龄化不平等对于促进健康公平、有效应对人口老龄化意义重大。

Based on identification of several confusing concepts,including“successful aging”,“healthy aging”and“active aging”,this study combs the evolution and connotation characteristics of the concept of“healthy aging”.After assessing the degree of fit and comparing advantages and disadvantages of various measurement tools currently available for“healthy aging”,this paper selects a healthy aging measurement method based on project response theory,and analyzes trend of healthy aging of the elderly aged 60 and above in China who were engaged in data collected in four stages of China Healthy Aging and Longitudinal Survey from 2011 to 2018.The study found that the level of healthy aging among the elderly who participated in at least Stage one increased from 2011 to 2015 and decreased from 2015 to 2018(“period effect”);the level of healthy aging among elderly people who participated in all four stages also increased first and then decreased significantly(“age effect”).The level of healthy aging among the elderly in China is lower than the global average,with significantly lower level in western regions than that in eastern regions,and lower level in rural areas than that in urban areas.Therefore,improving the level of healthy aging in China and alleviating the inequality of healthy aging between regions and urban and rural areas is of great significance for promoting health equity and effectively responding to population aging.