母猪能量需求研究进展

Advances in Energy Requirements of Sow

满足能量需要是决定动物生产效益的关键因素之一。能量需要划分为维持需要和生产需要。维持是指动物生存过程中的一种基本状态,在这种状态下,成年动物或非生产动物保持体重不变,体内营养素的种类和数量保持恒定,分解代谢和合成代谢处于动态平衡。维持需要是指动物在维持状态下对能量和其他营养素的需要。满足维持需要后,摄入能量被用于动物生产、繁殖需要。母猪饲养管理分为四个阶段,分别为后备期、妊娠期、围产期和哺乳期。由于每个阶段母猪生理状态和生产目的不同导致能量需求不同。文章综述了不同时期母猪的能量需求及日粮能量水平、饲喂模式对母猪繁殖性能的影响,为母猪饲粮精准能量水平提供参考依据。

Meeting the energy requirement is one of the key factors for the efficiency of animal produc⁃tion.Energy requirement are divided into maintenance and production.Maintenance refers to a basic state during the survival of an animal.In maintenance state,adult or nonproductive animals maintain a constant body weight,maintain a constant type and quantity of nutrients in the body,and maintain a dy⁃namic balance between catabolism and anabolism.Maintenance needs refer to the needs of animals for energy and other nutrients in a maintenance state.When maintenances need were met,the energy intake is used for animal production and breeding.The management of sow is divided into four stages,prepuber⁃tal gilts,gestating sows,transition sows and lactating sows.Due to sows experienced different physiologi⁃cal status at each stage,the energy requirements are different.The review will present energy require⁃ments of sows in different production stages,and effect of dietary energy and feeding strategies on sow re⁃production.it will make a reference for precision energy of sow diets.