基于蝶翅微结构的高速主轴冷却水套仿生热结构设计

Design of Bionic Channel Model of High-Speed Motorized Spindle Based on Morpho Butterfly Wing Microstructure

内置电机作为高速电主轴的主要发热部件之一,在实际工况中,其发热量会影响电主轴的回转精度。为了提高电主轴冷却水套的冷却效率,以自然界中闪蝶翅膀微结构的几何模型、结构功能和位形关系等为参照,结合结构相似理论设计一种具有双层包覆性特点的新型蝶翅仿生冷却水套。基于流体动力学及热传导特性理论,对仿生冷却水套及原始螺旋冷却水套进行流固耦合及共轭传热特性的仿真对比分析。结果表明:当冷却水的雷诺数和强迫对流换热面积相同时,电主轴仿生冷却水套的冷却效率和流动特性均优于原始的螺旋冷却水套,其中内置电机的定子热边界面最高温度降低了8%~11%;仿生冷却水套的冷却水最大流速为0.328 m/s,出入口的最大压降是478.6 Pa,相较于螺旋水套在流动特性方面都有很好的提升,对冷却水套结构设计和高速电主轴驱动电机共轭传热提供了参考。

As one of the main heat generating parts of the high-speed motorized spindle,the built-in motor heat generated affects the rotational accuracy of the motorized spindle in actual working condition.In order to improve the cooling efficiency of the motorized spindle cooling water channel,a new butterfly wing bionic cooling water channel with double-layer wrapping characteristics was designed by combining the structural similarity theory with the reference of geometric model,structural function and configuration relationship of the micro-structure of morpho butterfly wings in nature.Based on the theory of fluid dynamics and heat transfer characteristics,the simulation analyses of fluid-solid coupling and conjugate heat transfer characteristics between the bionic cooling water channel and the original spiral cooling water channel were carried out.The results show that when the Reynolds number of cooling water and forced convection heat transfer area are the same,the cooling efficiency and flow characteristics of the bionic cooling water channel of the motorized spindle are better than those of the original spiral cooling water channel,the maximum temperature of the stator thermal boundary surface of the built-in motor is reduced from 8%to 11%.The maximum flow velocity of cooling water is 0.328 m/s and the maximum pressure drop at the inlet and outlet is 478.6 Pa,which has a good improvement in flow characteristics compared with the spiral water channel.