风景园林学科助力乡村振兴研究模式探讨——以陕西黄陵县沮河流域村落景观研究为例

Exploring the Research Mode of Landscape Architecture in Colleges to Help Rural Revitalization:A Study of Rural Landscape in Ju River Basin,Huangling County,Shaanxi Province

作为拥有5000年历史的文明古国,中国的乡村景观极具多样性和丰富性,是国土景观的重要组成部分。但是在迅速城市化的进程中,我国的乡村建设出现了许多问题,尤以“千村一面”问题最为突出,使得乡村面貌日益同质化,乡村建设效果不明显。以陕西黄陵县沮河流域村落景观研究为例,提出在风景园林理论研究领域,必须针对乡村景观进行系统性、整体性的研究,进而探讨了进行村落景观体系性研究的途径:一是要设立以国土景观为背景的、中国传统山-水-田-村为一体的课题研究视野;二是要分析风景园林学科在乡村振兴领域的研究优势,明确研究方向;三是要搭建多学科、多部门沟通交流的沟通平台;最后,要完善多学科、多部门统筹交叉的研究方法,确立“现场调研+基础资料收集+综合分析研究+实践模式探讨”的研究模式,从风景园林学的视角剖析乡村景观的内在关联和未来发展,共同助力乡村振兴。

As an ancient civilization with 5000 years of history,China's rural landscape is very diverse and rich,and is an important part of the national landscape;however,in the process of rapid urbanization and rural construction,the problem of"a thousand villages with same image"is very prominent,making the rural landscape increasingly homogeneous,and thus resulting in the unconspicuous effect of rural construction.Taking the study of village landscape in the Ju River Basin of Huangling County,Shaanxi Province as an example,we propose that in the field of landscape gardening theory research,a systematic and holistic"embroidery"study of rural landscape must be conducted,and then we discuss the ways to conduct systematic study of village landscape.First,it is necessary to establish a system of traditional Chinese mountain-water-field-village system under the view of national landscape as a system of village landscape.Second,we should analyze the research advantages of landscape architecture discipline in the field of rural revitalization and clarify the research direction.Third,we should build a communication platform for multi-disciplinary and multi-departmental communication.Finally,we should improve the multidisciplinary and multidepartment research method and establish the research model of"on-site research+basic data collection+comprehensive analysis and research+practical model exploration",so as to analyze the inner correlation and future development of rural landscape from the perspective of landscape architecture in the research field and jointly help rural revitalization.