应激事件后青少年体育锻炼对亲社会行为的影响:跨期中介及群体差异

Impact of Physical Exercise on Prosocial Behavior of Adolescents after Disaster:A Serial Mediation Model and Group Differences

目的:探讨应激事件后青少年体育锻炼、共情、创伤后成长对亲社会行为的综合影响,考察性别和学段的群体差异,并构建一个链式中介模型。方法:采用纵向追踪设计,以河南特大暴雨受灾区的郑州市1023名中学生为对象,分别在灾情1个月、2个月后进行追踪调查。结果:对于应激事件后青少年来说,体育锻炼可以正向预测亲社会行为(β=0.23,P<0.01);体育锻炼可以正向预测共情(β=0.13,P<0.01)和创伤后成长(β=0.23,P<0.01),共情可以正向预测创伤后成长(β=0.26,P<0.01)和亲社会行为(β=0.42,P<0.01),创伤后成长可以正向预测亲社会行为(β=0.261,P<0.01);共情和创伤后成长在体育锻炼和亲社会行为之间起显著的中介作用(95%CI:0.004,0.012);中介效应的群体差异仅出现在体育锻炼与亲社会行为的“特质性”分维度关系中。结论:应激事件后青少年体育锻炼既能直接影响亲社会行为,还会通过引发共情、创伤后成长而间接影响亲社会行为;相对来说,应激事件后青少年体育锻炼中,女生比男生更需要关注共情的培养,高中比初中更需要关注共情—创伤后成长的综合作用。

Objective:To explore the comprehensive effects of physical exercise,empathy and post-traumatic growth on prosocial behavior,investigate the group differences of gender and school stage,and construct a serial mediation model.Methods:A longitudinal follow-up design was used to investigate 1023 middle school students in Zhengzhou,which were affected by the severe Henan rainstorm.Results:For post disaster adolescents,physical exercise positively predicted prosocial behavior(β=0.23,P<0.01).Physical exercise positively predicted empathy(β=0.13,P<0.01)and post-traumatic growth(β=0.23,P<0.01),empathy positively predicted post-traumatic growth(β=0.26,P<0.01)and prosocial behavior(=0.42,P<0.01),and post-traumatic growth positively predicted prosocial behavior(β=0.261,P<0.01).Empathy and posttraumatic growth played a significant intermediary role between physical exercise and prosocial behavior(95%CI:0.004,0.012).The group differences of mediating effect only appears in the"trait"sub dimensional relationship between physical exercise and prosocial behavior.Conclusion:Physical exercise can not only directly affect prosocial behavior,but also indirectly affect prosocial behavior by inducing empathy and post-traumatic growth;Relatively speaking,girls need to pay more attention to the cultivation of empathy than boys,and high school needs to pay more attention to the comprehensive role of empathy post-traumatic growth than junior high school.