体育素养对小学生体质水平的影响机制——基于贝叶斯网络模型分析

Influence Mechanism of Physical Literacy on Elementary Students'Physique Level:Based on Bayesian Network Model Analysis

目的:探讨体育素养对小学生体质水平的影响机制,并确定影响体质水平的重要因素。方法:从山东省16市的32所小学中抽取2 380人进行体质测试以及体育素养问卷调查,通过软件GeNIe2.3构建了基于体育素养的体质水平影响因素贝叶斯网络模型,对影响体质水平的关键因素及相关关系展开分析。结果:贝叶斯网络模型结果显示,一周内中高强度活动的时间是影响体质水平的最重要因素,其次为喜欢/不喜欢运动的原因;影响体质水平的致因链可以归纳为动机与信心→知识与理解→日常行为→体质水平。综合显著性分析发现,小学生中高强度活动参与行为与体质水平呈正相关,与之相比久坐行为与体质水平无明显相关关系;结论:青少年体育素养教育的起始点应为兴趣培养与动机驱动,而非现有研究认为的以知识学习为起点。同时,提升小学生体质健康的首要方式应为提高中高强度活动时间。

Objective:To explore the influence mechanism of physical literacy on elementary students'physical fitness level and determine the important factors influencing physical fitness level.Methods:2380 students from 32 primary schools in 16 cities of Shandong province were selected for physical fitness test and physical literacy questionnaire survey.The software GeNIe2.3 was used to construct the Bayesian network model of influencing factors of physical fitness level based on physical literacy,and the key factors influencing physical fitness level and their correlation were analyzed.Results:The results of Bayesian network model showed that the time of high intensity activity in a week was the most important factor affecting physical fitness level,followed by the reasons for liking/disliking sports.The causative chain affecting physical fitness level can be summarized as motivation and confidence→knowledge and understanding→daily behavior→physical fitness level.Comprehensive significance analysis showed that high intensity activity participation behavior was positively correlated with physical fitness level,while sedentary behavior was not significantly correlated with physical fitness level.Conclusion:The starting point of adolescent physical literacy education should be interest cultivation and motivation rather than knowledge learning.At the same time,the primary way to improve pupils'physical health should increase the time of medium and high intensity activities.