社会支持对举重运动员心理疲劳的影响:双重中介模型与性别差异

Effect of Social Support on Psychological Fatigue in Weightlifters:A Dual Mediation Model and Gender Differences

为考察社会支持影响举重运动员心理疲劳的内在机制及性别差异,对315位举重运动员进行调查,结果显示:(1)社会支持能够负向预测举重运动员心理疲劳;(2)社会支持可以直接影响举重运动员心理疲劳,亦可通过心理坚韧性与运动动机的双重中介作用抑制心理疲劳;(3)男性举重运动员社会支持对心理疲劳的直接作用显著,女性举重运动员社会支持对心理疲劳的直接作用不显著;女性举重运动员心理坚韧性对心理疲劳的负向作用明显高于男性;(4)女性举重运动员社会支持仅通过心理坚韧性与运动动机的完全中介作用对心理疲劳产生影响。研究提示,教练员可从举重运动员社会支持的提升出发,加强心理坚韧性与运动动机培养,抑制其心理疲劳的产生;对于男性运动员应更多关注其对社会支持这一现实生存处境的需求,对于女性运动员则应侧重其心理坚韧性功效的发挥。

To examine the underlying mechanisms and gender differences of social support affecting the psychological fatigue in weightlifters,a survey of 315 weightlifters was investigated and the results show that(1)social support negatively predicts psychological fatigue in weightlifters.(2)social support can directly affect psychological fatigue in weightlifters,and can also inhibit mental fatigue through the double mediating effect of mental toughness and sports motivation.(3)the direct effect of social support on psychological fatigue is significant for male weightlifters but not significant for the female;female lifters had a significantly higher negative effect on mental fatigue than men.(4)social support in female weightlifters was mediated by a dual effect of mental toughness and exercise motivation fully mediated on psychological fatigue.This study suggests that coaches can enhance the development of mental toughness and motor motivation from the enhancement of social support for weightlifters to suppress their mental fatigue;and that they should pay more attention to the need for social support as a realistic survival situation for male athletes,while focus on the efficacy of their mental toughness for female athletes.