水果采后致病菌及拮抗酵母防治机制研究进展

Research Progress in Control Mechanism of Postharvest Fruit Pathogenic Bacteria and Antagonistic Yeast

水果由于其含有丰富的营养物质,成为人类饮食中不可或缺的重要资源。但是水果在采收后处理不当会造成腐烂,带来严重亏损。这些腐烂主要是由真菌导致,其包括扩展青霉、灰葡萄孢霉、链格孢菌、曲霉和毛霉等。真菌不仅侵染果实导致腐烂,而且可分泌毒素,引发食品安全问题。酵母菌防治由于不产生有害代谢物,对环境友好,成为水果采后病害防治及真菌毒素降解的新策略。综述了采后常见病原真菌及其对水果的侵染特性,果实采后致病菌的侵染机理,以及酵母菌的生防机制。

Fruit has become an indispensable and important resource in human diet because of its rich nutrients.However,fruit is prone to disease after harvest,resulting in decay and serious losses.Fungi are the main pathogens causing fruit decay.These fungi mainly include Penicillium expansum,Botrytis cinerea,Alternaria,Aspergillus and Mucor.Fungi not only infect fruit and cause rot,but also secrete toxins,causing food safety problems.Yeast control has become a new strategy for fruit post-harvest disease control and mycotoxin degradation because it does not produce harmful metabolites and is environmentally friendly.This paper summarized the common pathogenic fungi after harvest and their infection characteristics to fruits,the infection mechanism of pathogenic bacteria after harvest,and the biological control mechanism of yeast.