《左传》中的鬼神、人与梦

Ghosts and Spirits and People and Dreams in A Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals

《左传》中的鬼神现象,由鬼神发出,以梦等异象为媒介,以卜筮为破译工具,最后到达人类这一接收终端,是一种预言信号。鬼神与人之间是由单向崇拜到双向羁绊的关系,具体表现在鬼神与氏族间的共生互赖关系,与统治阶级之间籍由“信”而由单向服从到双向约束与利用的关系,与被统治阶级之间的互相主宰关系。作为媒介的梦现象描写,体现了《左传》中虚构描画与缜密逻辑的浑然一体,微言大义,跳跃叙事,为后世记梦文学之滥觞。

From historical perspective,the phenomena of ghosts and spirits in A Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals are a kind of prophetic signal sent out by ghosts and spirits,using dreams as a medium and divination as a tool for deciphering to reach humans as recipients.From the perspective of humans,the relationship between ghosts and spirits and people is from one-way worship to two-way fetters,which is embodied in the symbiosis and interdependence between spirits and clans;that of“trust”from one-way obedience to two-way restraint and utilization between the ghosts and spirits and the ruling class;and that of mutual dominance between the ghosts and spirits and the ruled class.The writing of dreams as a medium presents the integration of fictional description and logical reasoning,speaking of deep meaning with sublime words and employs leaping narrative,marking the beginning of the dream literature for the future generations.