认知的现象学解释之争论、问题与解决方案

Controversies,Problems of and Solutions to Phenomenological Explanation of Cognition

理解思维的本质是认知哲学中的一个重要论题。在当代心灵哲学研究中,意识的扩展论和限制论之争诱发了关于认知现象学的讨论,认知或思维的现象特征以及如何解释所意识到的心理状态的现象特征,自然成为关注焦点。内省论证和现象对比论证着重分析认知是否存在现象特征的问题,其中涉及感觉、知觉与思维的还原问题,知觉现象的多样性与思维现象多样性的对称问题,心理活动中情感、范畴化知觉和认识感觉中的现象特性问题。这些问题均是当代心灵哲学和认知现象学中的核心问题,可通过认知哲学中的适应性表征方法论给予合理解释。

Understanding the nature of thought is an important topic in the philosophy of cognition.In contem-porary philosophical studies of mind,the debate between the expansionism and restrictivism of consciousness has induced discussions on the phenomenology of cognition,and the phenomenal character of cognition or thought and the way to explain the phenomenal character of the conscious mental states have naturally become a focus of atten-tion.The argument from introspectability and the phenomenal contrastive argument focus on the question of whether there are phenomenal characters of cognition,which involves the reduction of feeling,perception and thought,the symmetry between the diversity of perceptual phenomena and the diversity of thought phenomena,and the phenome-nal properties of emotion,categoryized perception and cognitive feeling in mental activity.These problems are the core issues in contemporary philosophy of mind and cognitive phenomenology,and can be explained rationally through the methodology of adaptive representation in philosophy of cognition.