“双减”政策减负成效及其影响因素分析

An Analysis of the Effect of“Double Reduction”Policy and Its Influencing Factors

“双减”政策被赋予减负厚望。通过对三个省会城市“双减”政策实施现状的调查研究,发现小学阶段整体减负成效较好,初中学段减负效果不甚理想,且减负成效存在着明显的地区差异。政策执行过程理论认为政策文本(制度安排)、执行主体、目标群体、政策执行环境等四个关键要素影响执行成效。根据政策执行过程理论,可以发现制度安排的有限性、区域教育生态环境的竞争性、政府较弱的公共服务偏好、教师认可度低与教育资源的相对匮乏是制约“双减”政策减负成效的主要影响因素。为提升减负成效,宏观上须破解教育系统中的结构性障碍,建设服务型政府;中观上须改革现有教育绩效考核制度和改善区域教育生态,缓解教育竞争压力;微观上赋权教师,建立多元主体参与的政策执行反馈机制,增强政策的适应性与灵活性。

The“double reduction”policy is expected to reduce the academic burden.Through the investiga-tion and research on the implementation status of the“double reduction”policy in three provincial capitals,it is found that the overall effect of reducing the burden in primary school is good,and the effect of reducing the burden in middle school is not very ideal,and there are obvious regional differences in the effect of reducing the burden.The theory of policy implementation process holds that four key elements,such as policy text(institutional arrange-ment),implementation subject,target group and policy implementation environment,affect the implementation effect.According to the theory of the policy implementation process,it can be found that the limitation of institution-al arrangement,the competition of regional educational ecological environment,the weak public service preference of the government,the low degree of teachersrecognition and the tension of educational resources are the main fac-tors that restrict the implementation effect of the“double reduction”policy.In order to improve the effect of reduc-ing the burden,it is necessary to crack the structural and institutional contradictions and obstacles in the education system,and build a service-oriented government at the macro level.At the medieval level,teachers need to reform the current educational performance evaluation system,improve regional educational ecological mitigation,and slow down the construction of educational competition.At the micro level,teachers should be empowered to establish a feedback mechanism for policy implementation involving multiple subjects to enhance the adaptability and flexibility of policies.