197例构音障碍儿童舌根音异常分析

An Analysis of 197 Children with Dysarthria and Abnormal Tongue Root Sounds

目的通过分析儿童舌根音构音障碍的特点,制定相应的构音训练方法,以期为构音障碍的矫治提供参考。方法收集2019年1月至2021年1月到昆明市儿童医院就诊的197例舌根音异常儿童作为研究对象,采用医院自拟评估表及Praat语音分析软件,进行语言评估,分析构音错误走向;进行针对性构音训练,分析疗效,并比较训练前后元音/a/、/u/共振峰频率(F 1、F 2)变化。结果本组舌根音异常儿童训练前舌根音错误类型为构音置换(71.57%,141/197)和脱落(28.43%,56/197),构音置换中唇齿音化在/g/、/k/、/h/三个舌根音中分别占4.06%、2.54%、15.23%;经过3~15次语音训练后,全部矫正123例(62.44%),部分矫正53例(26.90%),未矫正21例(10.66%)。训练后元音/a/、/u/的共振峰F 1、F 2均较训练前降低。结论本组舌根音异常儿童舌根音错误类型主要为构音置换,唇齿音化是其特有的错误形式;根据舌根音异常的特点采取针对性构音训练疗效确切。

Objective To study the characteristics of 197 children with tongue root dysarthria and formulate corresponding articulation training methods,and to provide reference for the correction of develop dysarthria.Methods A total of 197 children with abnormal root sounds in Kunming children’s hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were recruited as research subjects,and the hospital’s self-developed evaluation form and Praat speech analysis software were used to conduct language assessment and analyze the trend of articulation errors.Targeted articulation training was conducted and treatment outcomes were analyzed.The change of formant frequency of/a/and/u/was compared before and after training.Results The types of root sound errors included articulation replacement(71.57%)and dropout(28.43%),and labiodentalization accounted for 2.54%~15.23%in the articulation replacement.After 3~15 times of speech training,123 cases(62.44%)were all corrected,53 cases(26.90%)were partially corrected,and 21 cases(10.66%)remained uncorrected.Formant frequencies(F 1,F 2)of/a/and/u/were lower after training.Conclusion The main type of root sound errors in children is articulation replacement,and labiodentalization is a unique error form of root sounds.According to the characteristics of the abnormal tongue root sound,the targeted articulation training is effective.