民航飞行员听力损失危险因素分析

Investigation on the Risk Factors of Hearing Loss in Civil Aviation Pilots

目的探讨民航飞行员听力损失的危险因素。方法采用随机抽样方法纳入某公司经我国民用航空人员体检鉴定诊断为听力损失的410例飞行员为研究组,纳入年龄匹配的410例听力正常的飞行员为对照组,对两组飞行时间、血糖、血压、血脂、体重指数等相关危险因素进行比较;并进一步对听力损失等级进行Logistic回归分析。结果听力损失飞行员的血糖、血脂、血压水平高于听力正常飞行员(P<0.05)。进一步对听力损失组进行偏相关分析发现,以年龄作为控制变量时,语频听力损失程度与飞行时间呈正相关(P<0.05);以飞行时间作为控制变量时,语频和高频听力损失程度均与年龄呈正相关(P<0.05)。等级Logistic回归分析发现,GLU越高、TG越高、LDL-C越高的飞行员听力损失程度越重(P<0.01)。结论飞行时间、年龄是民用航空人员听力损失的重要危险因素,飞行时间主要影响语频听阈,年龄影响全频听阈;同时还与高血糖、高血脂具有协同作用加剧听力损失程度。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hearing loss in civil aviation pilots.Methods Random sampling method was used to include 410 pilots diagnosed with hearing loss in a company as the study group,and age-matched 410 pilots with normal hearing as the control group.The total flight time,GLU,BP,TC,TG,BMI and other related risk factors were compared.Furthermore,we applied ordinal Logistic regression to study the risk factors that may affect the classification of hearing loss.Results GLU,TC,TG,LDL-C,SBP levels in the study group were higher than those of in the control group(P<0.05).Partial correlation analysis of hearing loss group showed that when age was taken as the control variable,the degree of speech frequency hearing loss was positively correlated with the total flight time(P<0.05).When the flight time was taken as the control variable,the degree of speech and high frequency hearing loss was positively correlated with age(P<0.05).Ordinal Logistic regression results showed that pilots with higher GLU,higher TG and higher LDL-C had more severe hearing loss(P<0.01).Conclusion The total flight time and age are risk factors for hearing loss in civil aviation pilots.The flight time affects speech frequency threshold and age affects full frequency threshold.They have synergistic effects with hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia to aggravate the hearing loss.On the basis of strengthening individualized hearing protection,pilots should strictly control GLU,BP and other risk factors to delay the progress of hearing loss as far as possible.