近现代韩国民主政治中的市民社会探析

The Exploration of Civil Society in Modern Korean Democracy

韩国市民社会萌芽于日本殖民统治时期,后在长期的威权统治时期一直保持震荡前行的发展态势。在“汉江奇迹”与美国民主政治思想和秩序的影响下,韩国市民社会获得了快速发展,并促进和助推了韩国政治民主化的转型。韩国政治民主化完成转型之后,得益于宽松的政治环境,韩国市民社会迎来了发展高峰,组织化、专业化程度不断提升,对韩国民主政治的作用与影响与日俱增。韩国市民社会内部也开始分化为“保守派”与“进步派”,参与政治生活的一致性被割裂,加之中产阶级的脆弱性等复杂因素的影响,韩国市民社会的未来发展也面临着严峻的考验。

Civil society in Korea emerged during the Japanese colonial period,and it continued to develop in an oscillating manner during the long period of authoritarian rule.Under the influence of the“Miracle on the Han River”and the American democratic political ideology and order,Korean civil society developed rapidly and contributed to the transformation of Korea’s political democratization.After the transformation of Korea’s political democratization,Korean civil society has reached a peak of development due to the liberal political environment,it has become increasingly organized and professionalized,and its influence on Korea’s democratic politics has increased.Meanwhile,however,Korean civil society has divided into“conservative”and“progressive”factions,and the consistency of political participation has been fragmented.Compounded by complex factors such as the vulnerability of the middle class,the future of Korean civil society is facing a serious test.