基于改进蚁群算法的非均匀分簇自适应路由协议

Non-Uniform Clustering Adaptive Routing Based on Improved Ant Colony Algorithm

针对无线传感器网络中出现的节点能耗不均和热区问题,提出一种基于改进蚁群算法的非均匀分簇自适应路由协议。首先,根据节点与基站的相对距离和通信范围内节点密度选举出候选簇头,然后在候选簇头竞争半径范围内进行正式簇头的选取。其次,在节点入簇过程中,考虑共同边缘节点以及非均匀分簇网络特性,通过具有动态权重系数的代价函数形成合理的分簇结构;最后,通过在蚁群算法中使用改进的动态转移策略和局部与全局相结合的信息素更新规则,同时引入动态信息素挥发系数以提高路由算法的寻优能力,并避免陷入局部最优。仿真结果表明:所提算法能够有效地均衡网络能耗、缓解基站附近的热区问题,从而提高网络生命周期与吞吐量。

To solve the problem of uneven energy consumption of nodes and hot areas around base station in the wireless sensor network,a non-uniform clustering adaptive routing algorithm based on improved ant colony algorithm is proposed.Firstly,candidate cluster heads are selected according to the relative distance and the density of nodes and then the formal cluster heads are selected within the competition radius of candidate cluster heads.Secondly,in the node clustering stage,considering the common edge nodes and the characteristics of non-uniform clustering network,a reasonable clustering structure is formed by using the cost function with dynamic weight coefficient.Finally,by adopting an improved dynamic transfer strategy and pheromone updating rules through combined local and global pheromone in the ant colony routing algorithm,and by introducing the dynamic pheromone volatilization coefficient,the optimization ability of the routing algorithm is improved to avoid falling into local optimum.The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively balance network energy consumption,alleviate the hot area problem near the base station,and improve the network life cycle and throughput.